离心泵蜗壳内压力脉动特性数值分析

为揭示离心泵蜗壳流道内的压力脉动变化规律,采用雷诺时均方法(RANS),对3种工况下的离心泵内部三维非定常湍流流场进行数值计算,分析同一蜗壳断面不同位置以及沿蜗壳周向不同点的压力脉动特性。结果表明:蜗壳流道内具有非常明显的压力脉动,在各种工况下压力脉动的主频均是叶片通过频率;同一蜗壳断面上的压力脉动从蜗壳底部到蜗壳背面先减小后增大,蜗壳底部监测点的高频脉动成分较多;沿蜗壳周向,随着圆周角的增大,压力脉动减弱,隔舌附近压力脉动幅度最大,且高频脉动成分明显增加。     

90°方形弯管内部流场PIV试验

为了揭示不同进口流速情况下90°方形弯管内部流动特征,在构建90°方形弯管专用PIV试验台的基础之上,对弯管内不同断面以及不同半径上的流速分布情况进行了PIV测试试验。试验结果表明:采用PIV技术能较好地获得弯管内部流动情况;流体未进入弯曲段时,各断面流速分布变化不大;而进入弯曲段后,由于受到弯管壁的约束形成旋转流动,弯管内侧流速增大,外侧流速降低;当转过60°位置后,弯管内侧流速降低,外侧流速增加;到达90°位置后,各断面的流速基本趋于一致。不同半径处的流速分布不相同,弯管内侧流速较大,外侧较小,在50°、60°处流速达到最大值;弯管不同的进口流速对于速度峰值的位置有一定的影响,而对于弯管内其他的流动情况影响较小。     

Experimental investigation and numerical analysis of unsteady attached sheet- cavitating flows in a centrifugal pump

This paper studies the attached sheet cavitation in centrifugal pumps. A pump casted from Perspex is used as the test subject. The cavitation bubbles were observed in the entrance of the impeller and the drops of the head coefficients were measured under different operating conditions. A Filter-Based Model (FBM), derived from the RNG k – ? model, and a modified Zwart model are adopted in the numerical predictions of the unsteady cavitating flows in the pump. The simulations are carried out and the results are compared with experimental results for 3 different flow coefficients, from 0.077 to 0.114. Under four operating conditions, qualitative comparisons are made between experimental and numerical cavitation patterns, as visualized by a high-speed camera and described as isosurfaces of the vapour volume fraction α_v = 0.1. It is shown that the simulation can truly represent the development of the attached sheet cavitation in the impeller. At the same time, the curves for the drops of the head coefficients obtained from experiments and calculations are also quantitatively compared, which shows that the decline of the head coefficients at every flow coefficient is correctly captured, and the prediction accuracy is high. In addition, the detailed analysis is made on the vapour volume fraction contours on the plane of span is 0.5 and the loading distributions around the blade section at the midspan. It is shown that the FBM model and the modified Zwart model are effective for the numerical simulation of the cavitating flow in centrifugal pumps. The analysis results can also be used as the basis for the further research of the attached sheet cavitation and the improvement of centrifugal pumps.