黄河皇甫川流域水沙关系特性及关键驱动因素

以黄河中游皇甫川流域为研究区,基于1960—2015年的实测日径流和日悬移质输沙量数据,采用双累积曲线法和水沙关系曲线法两种方法,对研究区洪水悬移质泥沙的环路特性进行探究。结果表明:皇甫川流域多年平均径流量为1.11亿m~3,平均输沙量为0.31亿t,均呈显著下降趋势,减少速率分别为0.033 1亿m~3/a和0.0101亿t/a;1979、2003年为水沙系列转折年,表现出明显的阶段特性;多年水沙关系曲线可用幂指数拟合,水沙关系未出现明显偏离;植被恢复和水保工程对流域泥沙减少起到重要作用;典型洪水场次条件下水沙C-Q(Concentration-Discharge)环路表现为顺时针、逆时针、逆"8"字形、正"8"字形和线形5种类型,分别描述了次洪水泥沙输移的不同特征。     

“顾客中心论”的企业营销战略

在当今高度竞争、瞬息万变的宏观环境之中,市场营销需要识别顾客的需求和欲望,确定某个组织所能提供最佳服务的目标市场,设计适当的产品、服务和计划方案,以满足这些市场的需要,创造顾客满意并且获取利润。     

岷江镇江关流域分布式水文及泥沙侵蚀模型研究

基于空间地理信息系统的流域分布式水文泥沙模型为研究流域产流产沙及在河道中的汇流、输移过程提供了,科学有效的手段.针对岷江上游镇江关流域土壤易受降雨侵蚀的问题,采用水沙耦合的流域分布式水文综合模型,对该流域1990年后典型年的径流及泥沙侵蚀输移过程进了数值模拟,并结合镇江关水文站的实测资料对模型进行了验证,计算成果令人满意.分析表明,近年来岷江上游地区的年径流和输沙量均呈现出下降的趋势,且后者下降速率更快,说明泥沙侵蚀输移与径流相比对流域环境变化的反应更为敏感,今后水土保持工作应注重坡面治理.     

Quantitative comparison of semi- and fully-distributed hydrologic models in simulating flood hydrographs on a mountain watershed in southwest China

To investigate the performance of fully- and semi-distributed hydrologic models in simulating the process of transformation from rainfall to runoff in mountain areas, the fully-distributed models Basin Pollution Calculation Center （BPCC） and HEC- HMS are calibrated for the Zhenjiangguan watershed located in the upper stream of Minjiang River Southwest China using streamflow observations at the basin outlet. Semi-automatical optimization method is implemented to both models to improve simulated resuits by removing artificial errors. Based on the consistency of the simulated hydrographs with the observed ones, the statistical coefficients such as the relative error, the probability distribution and the correlation coefficient, are further introduced to evaluate quantitatively the performance of the two models. Analyses indicate that the hydrographs simulated by the BPCC are relatively closer to the observed ones than those simulated by the HEC-HMS in view of the spatial heterogeneity in terrain, soil texture, land cover and meteorological conditions in mountain areas.     

浅谈单元工程质量评定表的填写

0引言为了加强水利水电工程施工质量管理,规范工程施工质量评定工作,2002年12月水利部办公厅以建管(2002)182号颁发了《水利水电工程施工质量评定表填写说明与示例》(试行)。全文共9个部分,计246个水利水电工程施工质量评定表,表式较为齐全。试行以来,促进了工程技术资料编制工作的标准化,对保证和提高水利水电工程施工质量起到了积极作用。上述246个施工质量评定表式中,有221个表式为单元工程质量评定表(简称质