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ABSTRACT Despite nearly a century of water regulation projects on the Nile Basin, today Egypt faces a genuine crisis with respect to water supply. The crisis has been brought on by a combination of drought and greatly increased usage by all riparian nations along the Nile. It is highly probable that Egypt will need to search for new sources of water, reallocate existing water supply and reduce demand simultaneously in order to stave off major water shortfalls. It is unlikely that these measures can be accomplished without both internal and external conflict. This paper describes the current state of water supply and usage in Egypt. Further we examine potential sources of conflict over water allocation decisions. Finally, the paper presents a method for evaluating alternative strategies that could be implemented by Egypt to avoid future conflict. 相似文献
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Water problems are omnipresent and are already becoming a limiting factor in the development of many countries. Currently the balance between the available and required water in Egypt is fragile. Any movement away from the balancing point means either less ambitious economic development or depletion of the resources and degradation of the environment. The continuing revolution in computer hardware and software is expected to provide more insight into the water problems and to alleviate some of the future water crises. In this paper we have investigated potential benefits which can be accrued from the application of object-oriented modeling in water resources. 相似文献
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Hussam Fahmy 《国际水》2013,38(1):129-135
Abstract In 1981, a mathematical simulation model for Lake Nasser (SMLN) was developed to test different hydrologic conditions and operation policies of the Aswan High Dam (AHD). At that time, AHD had been operating for around 12 years. Over the thirty years of the dam operation, the Egyptian water resources managers experienced cycles of floods and droughts. Also, data and information about the hydrologic parameters of the lake as well as the dam performance were accumulated. This by itself constitutes a good reason for re-calibrating of the SMLN. The 1998–1999 flood, which manifested the need to reconsider the dominant operation policy, also called for the adjustment and re-calibration of the SMLN or at least to retest its accuracy. This paper describes the effort carried out to recalibrate this model using few parameters and adjust its original mathematical formulation. Elements of the mass balance equation of the lake, which are uncertain and at the same time seem to have significant impact, have been used in the modification and re-calibration. The presented results show, in many cases, an improvement in the model performance and accuracy when compared with the original version calibrated in 1981. Nevertheless, these results should not be considered a final step in improving the model performance. Actual measurements of evaporation rates and piezometric heads of the groundwater around the lake may be used to formulate new and better loss equations 相似文献
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Hany Fahmy 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(8):1019-1046
ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a novel approach of classifying and modeling the nonlinear behavior of commodity prices using regime-switching models with exogenous transition variables. The approach rests on using the International Commercial Terms (Incoterms), also known as border prices, to classify commodities in groups that tend to display similar dynamics. The suggested border price classification is useful in identifying the key exogenous driving variables in each group. In particular, the classification suggests that inflation and oil price are the best transition candidates that are capable of capturing the nonlinear dynamics of free on board (FOB) and cost insurance and freight (CIF) prices respectively. Our statistical linearity tests and estimation results confirm this prediction and highlight the importance of the suggested border price classification in improving our understanding of the behavior of commodity prices. 相似文献
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Hussam Hussein 《国际水》2017,42(5):527-542
This article explores how the idea of a canal connecting the Dead Sea with either the Red Sea or the Mediterranean Sea has evolved. It analyzes the proposals, the official interests, and the undeclared reasons. It provides a critical understanding of the discourses behind the complex hydro-political dynamics in a changing and contested topography within the context of a wider geopolitical conflict. This study sheds lights on the relations between interests, discourses, and the canal project. This study contributes to the literature on water history by shedding light on the evolving relations between interests, discourses, and the canal project. 相似文献
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CEO duality leadership and corporate diversification behavior 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kong-Hee Kim Hussam A. Al-Shammari Bongjin Kim Seung-Hyun Lee 《Journal of Business Research》2009,62(11):1173-1180
This study examines an important, yet understudied relationship between CEO duality and corporate diversification. Results based on the data collected from Fortune 1000 U.S companies indicate that CEO duality is positively associated with corporate diversification into unrelated industries. Further analyses reveal that this relationship is moderated by a number of corporate governance mechanisms. We find that board equity ownership and institutional ownership concentration weaken the initially positive relationship between CEO duality and unrelated diversification while CEO tenure and board independence strengthen this relationship. 相似文献