河南小微企业金融服务现状分析与研究

新常态下,小微企业的健康发展对于增强经济增长活力、转变发展方式及保持社会和谐稳定具有重要意义. 目前,小微企业已经成为河南实体经济的重要组成部分,但全省小微企业金融服务方面仍存在一定的问题,表现为金融支持力度低、融资成本高及金融服务内容单一等. 为了提升小微企业金融服务支持力度和水平,全省需要加大小微企业有效信贷投放,降低金融服务成本,丰富金融业态,拓展金融服务的内容,进一步深化金融改革.     

计及广域测量信息的状态估计错误参数识别与修正

因电网元件参数可能随工作环境变化而改变、遥信量在干扰下可能出现错误，需要对状态估计中的错误参数进行识别和修正。根据当前监控与数据采集（SCADA）系统和广域测量系统（WAMS）量测共存的状况，引入WAMS量测求得的功率残差和零注入节点功率残差，与SCADA量测残差一起构成拉格朗日函数，由优化理论得出参数误差与各残差的灵敏度关系，从而进一步识别和修正错误参数。所述方法不仅避免了增广参数估计维数高的问题，还利用了高精度的相量量测信息。在标准测试系统上的仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

基于ISM结构模型的成都市政府重大投资项目决策风险研究

借助结构模型解析法,针对成都市政府重大投资项目决策涉及到的各风险因素来源主体,可能导致的各种风险因素,建立了成都市政府重大投资项目决策风险因素来源体递阶结构图。并对不同来源体、不同层次间的相互作用与影响进行了较为全面的分析,继而提出了加强政府投资决策管理,回避决策风险的建议。     

Stratification regimes and thermodynamic modelling of a subtropical African reservoir

The stratification of a lentic water system is an important factor regulating its biotic activities and processes. The present study investigated changes in temperature and oxygen stratification regimes in Mazvikadei Reservoir 27 years after the first study was conducted during its filling phase. The FLake‐Global model was also tested as a predictive tool for the first time to analyse annual limnological trends in a subtropical reservoir. The lake‐modelling tool FLake‐Global enables an instantaneous estimation of the seasonal cycle of temperature and mixing conditions in shallow freshwater lakes around the world. The results of the present study illustrate that the reservoir was weakly stratified, with the overall thermal stratification patterns somewhat similar to those recorded during the filling phase (1992). The oxygen stratification patterns observed in the present study correspond well to those of thermal stratification. The depth‐integrated oxygen profiles for both the deep and shallow sampling sites exhibited the same pattern, with higher concentrations from July to September. The water column was well oxygenated, indicating the reservoir has matured since its filling phase in 1992, when there was significant hypolimnetic deoxygenation. The FLake‐Global model exhibited good results in predicting annual trends, with the results also indicating no differences in stratification levels in the reservoir for the current and Masundire (1992) filling phase studies. The model predicted lower surface and bottom temperatures, however, compared to those measured in the reservoir. There was lowering of the mixed layer depth from the hot‐wet (November–April) months through the cool‐dry (May–August) season. Latent heat fluxes agreed with the net longwave (LW) predictions for Mazvikadei Reservoir, which exhibited an overall net cooling effect. The stratification has not changed significantly since the previous study in 1988. The FLake‐Global model proved a useful predictive tool when tested in a subtropical system.     

Sustainable livelihood principles and urban greening in informal settlements in practice: A case of Zandspruit informal settlement,South Africa

This article looks to investigate the practice of using the ‘sustainable livelihood approach’ in a multifaceted urban greening project, Trees for Homes. The urban greening project was implemented to improve the quality of life and help marginalised citizens of an informal settlement in South Africa to adapt to climate variability through tree planting. We explored the actual execution of the independent techniques being utilised in the implementation of the Trees for Homes project and how it can promote sustainable livelihood objectives in the Zandspruit informal settlement in South Africa. Using a qualitative approach, the study was able to effectively apply sustainable livelihood principles. It was also found, however, that the multi-level principle was limited by the lack of political muscle which is endemic to many disempowered poor citizens of developing economies. Although the project was successful in many ways, political vulnerability within the development cycle threatens the longer term sustainability of the project outcomes.     

基于高阶累积量Burg自适应算法的间谐波估计

Burg算法适合处理间谐波信号，但是在有噪声的环境下，会产生错误的谱估计结果。采用一种基于高阶累积量的Burg自适应算法估计间谐波信号，该方法不受高斯噪声的影响。首先，利用高阶累积量对高斯噪声不敏感的特性，改进Burg算法的预测误差标准。其次，为了降低引入高阶累积量而增加的计算量，反射系数的求取采用递推形式。最后，利用谐波信号的4阶累积量对角切片求取各成分的幅值。仿真结果表明，所提出的算法明显改进了Burg算法的谱估计性能，能够在噪声环境下获得准确的间谐波参数估计。     

Stratification,diel and seasonal energy transfers in Malilangwe Reservoir in the south‐eastern lowveld of Zimbabwe

This study provides a 9‐month record of Malilangwe Reservoir stratification and diel and seasonal energy transfers between February and October 2011. The reservoir was not strongly stratified during the hot‐wet season (February and March), exhibiting low dissolved oxygen concentrations of <2 mg DO L^?1 in the bottom layers (<6 m depth). During the cool‐dry season, when both the air temperature and solar radiation input decreased, the water temperatures in the epilimnion and across the thermocline decreased, and the water column was very weakly stratified. In this state, the reservoir could easily be mixed, even by light winds, resulting in overturning, thereby giving the bottom water an opportunity to become aerated, as observed during the cool‐dry season. The stability was greatest when the water level was high (during midday), while it was considerably lower during the predawn hours. The calculated annual Birgean heat budget for the reservoir was 110 MJ m^?2 year^?1 for February to October 2011. The diurnal Birgean heat budget was consistently associated with heat loss over a 24 hour period in all seasons, mostly between 0400 and 1000 h. Spearman's correlation suggests that the DO was significantly correlated with stability for the three study months (February r = 0.69, P < 0.05; June r = ?0.76, P < 0.001; October r = 0.96, P < 0.001). The results of this study suggests that warming temperatures (warmer months or seasons) will result in high Birgean heat budgets, which could potentially trigger some important changes in plankton population dynamics in small reservoir, with severe water quality implications. The nutrient concentrations varied throughout the seasons.     

Financial stress relationships among Euro area countries: an R-vine copula approach

One of the biggest challenges of keeping Euro area financial stability is the negative co-movement between the vulnerability of public finance, the financial sector, security markets stresses as well as economic growth, especially in peripheral economies. This paper utilizes a ARMA-GARCH based R-vine copula method to explore tail dependance between the Financial Stress Indices of 11 euro area countries with an aim of understanding how financial stress are interacting with each other. We find larger economies in the Euro area tend to have closer upper tail dependence in terms of positive shocks, while smaller economies tend to have closer lower tail dependence with respect to negative shocks. The R-vine copula results underline the complex dynamics of financial stress relations existing between Euro Area economies. The estimated R-vine shows Spain, Italy, France and Belgium are the most inter-connected nodes which underlying they might be more efficient targets to treat in order to achieve a quicker stabilizing. Our results relate to the fact that Eurozone is not a unified policy making area, therefore, it needs to follow divergent policies for taming the effects of financial instability to different regions or groups of economies that are more interconnected.     

黄曲霉毒素前处理方法的研究——免疫亲和柱的重复利用

本文对高效液相色谱检测黄曲霉毒素的前处理方法进行优化,建立了免疫亲和柱的回收纯化处理方法。使用过的免疫亲和柱分别用甲醇/水、水冲洗,再用Pbs缓冲溶液进行填充,放入冰箱内于2-8℃保存。对回收柱进行试验,回收率、精密度均达到检测要求,且柱体可以重复使用两次。     

基于可持续发展理念的灾后重建思考

汶川地震给四川地区带来重大灾害,如何运用有限的资源,使受灾的民众在较短时间内恢复正常生活和生产,因地制宜地进行灾后重建并实现可持续发展显得尤为重要。以四川灾区农村产业规划重建为重点,结合目前灾后农村重建中的实际情况和问题,对基于可持续发展的灾后重建的应用性和合理性进行了论述,试图为今后农村重建决策提供借鉴。