The heterogeneous relationship between board social ties and corporate environmental responsibility in an emerging economy

Firms in emerging economies are faced with multiple, incompatible institutional forces in their environmental activities. Which of these forces will be dominant and instantiated within an organization is partly determined by the social relationships that a firm maintains with external actors. This paper investigates the relationship between board social ties and the level of environmental responsibility undertaken by firms in China, an emerging economy, by categorizing board social ties into three types in terms of the three isomorphic forces in the institutional field (coercive, normative and mimetic). Drawing on institutional and agency theories, using a sample of listed firms in environmentally sensitive industries, and a generalized least squares regression method, the results provide empirical evidence that ties that are linked to coercive and normative forces (i.e., political organizations and universities) are related to a higher level of environmental responsibility; however, those that are linked to mimetic forces (i.e., industrial peers) have a negative association with environmental responsibility, which is mitigated by CEO power. These findings suggest that the heterogeneous effects of board social ties on environmental responsibilities experienced by firms in a context of environmentalism are at an early stage.     

Complex Network of Aviation E-Services in the Belt and Road Initiative: A Heuristic Study of Small Data based on Block Modeling

ABSTRACT

The aviation e-service system is an important part of support for business communication in regions covered by Belt and Road initiative. In exploring the role of airline companies in this system, we examine the structure of the network, which consists of airlines interconnections based on small data of individual attributes of aviation companies in aviation e-services, and study these interconnections across different groups using block modeling. The heuristic solution of airline companies in development of international communication and cooperation is further discussed. Among our policy implications for global managers, we suggest the enhancement of cross-regional cooperation among airlines.     

Negotiation support using the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution

The Graph Model for Conflict Resolution is a flexible methodology for systematically studying strategic conflicts in the real world, and is therefore a natural tool for negotiation support. The basic definitions underlying the graph model are reviewed, and the techniques for analysis and interpretation are discussed. The modeling and analysis of a case study, an international trade negotiation concerning the export of Canadian softwood lumber to the United States, are used to demonstrate the practical application of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution as a negotiation support tool. The modeling and analysis is carried out using the GMCR software system. The ability of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution to provide insights and advice to negotiators is emphasized.     

发展区域文化激发创造活力--关于加强柳州市文化建设的思考

文章在探讨区域文化的战略意义的基础上,阐述了加强柳州市文化建设的战略意义、指导思想、遵循的基本原则,探讨了推进柳州文化建设的对策,提出了通过实施十大工程和系列保障措施来促进柳州文化发展的思想.     

Fiscal decentralization, revenue and expenditure assignments, and growth in China

Theory suggests that a close match between revenue and expenditure assignments at sub-national levels benefits allocative efficiency, and hence economic growth. That is, a convergence of revenue and expenditure assignments at sub-national levels of government should, according to the theory, be positively associated with a higher growth rate. In the case of China, this paper shows, divergence, rather than convergence, in revenue and expenditures at the sub-national level of government is associated with higher rates of growth. A panel dataset for 30 provinces in China is used to examine the relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth over two phases of fiscal decentralization in China: (1) 1979–1993 under the fiscal contract system, and (2) 1994–1999 under the tax assignment system. The seeming contradiction between the theory and evidence in the China case is reconciled by taking into account the institutional arrangements that prevailed during the two phases of fiscal decentralization, in particular the inconsistency between the assumptions of the theory of fiscal decentralization and the institutional reality of China.     

金融效率视角的中国农村金融体制创新研究

当前农村金融效率低下已经成为中国金融体制的“软肋”和解决“三农”问题的重要障碍, 因此必须从金融产权、金融结构、金融价格、金融业务、金融业内部管理、外部环境等方面入手, 全面推动农村金融创新, 才能从根本上提高中国农村金融的运行效率。     

浅谈我国个人所得税存在的问题及对策

从1994年税制改革以来，个人所得税对于促进对外经济技术交流与合作，缓解社会分配不公的矛盾，增加财政收入等都发挥了积极作用。但是随着形式的发展，也暴露出不少问题和矛盾。     

新时期广东省山区人口控制探析

20世纪90年代以来，广东省的山区人口增长速度虽然得到了控制，但与珠江三角洲相比还存在一定差距，地区之间发展也不平衡，生育水平仍不稳定，有效的人口控制机制尚末真正形成。因此，必须建立保障体系 和切合实际人口控制工作新机制，把人口控制工作寓于服务之中；加强计划生育队伍建设，提高队伍整体素质和工作效率。     

烧结模糊控制系统的设计与实现

设计了一个烧结模糊控制系统，进而构建了一个基于模糊控制的自适应脉宽控制器，对煤气阀、换向阀开关时间进行控制；利用模糊控制器的模糊推理能力来实现煤气阀门开度在线调整，以达到优化控制的目的。运行结果表明，这种控制器与常规比值控制器相比可以取得较好的控制效果。