中国农民市民化经济门槛与城市化关系研究:理论与实证

应用“门槛理论”分析了中国农民市民化的经济门槛,动力学模型的推导及其实证研究结果表明:农村居民可支配收入超过“梯级门槛”的农村居民的数量是影响我国城市化发展的速度、进程的关键变量。因此,降低农民市民化的经济门槛、增加农民收入、有效控制城乡居民收入差距扩大化趋势是实现农民市民化的前提条件,同时也是全面推进中国城市化发展必须解决的现实问题。     

China's food and agriculture: A turning point

The prospects for food and agriculture in China depend upon the prospects for changes in the population between urban and rural sectors, changes in the levels of food consumption in these sectors, and the potential for increasing production in response to increased demand. Prof Ishikawa examines the elements influencing demand pressure, the economics of mechanisation in China, and the economic and social conditions in which the mechanisation can be realised. He concludes that China is facing a new situation in which a significant change in either or both the resource allocation pattern and the incentive system will be required.     

Price competition in the spatial real estate market: allies or rivals?

This paper examines whether real estate firms can avoid price competition when properties in the vicinity are priced by allies. An oligopoly model with differentiated products generally suggests that real estate firms engage in price competition with their spatially closest rivals. Yet, they can raise property prices when the market share of their allies increases. To test this prediction, a spatial autoregressive model with spatial autoregressive disturbances, including a share of allies in the vicinity, is estimated using data on the prices of residential condos in central Tokyo, Japan. The model prediction is supported by the empirical results. In the data set, the magnitude of the market share on property prices increases with the expansion of the size of the spatial market.     

Inventory Reduction and Productivity Growth: A Comparison of Japanese and US Automotive Sectors

This study assesses the inventory and productivity performance of the Japanese and US automotive industries in recent decades. Within each country we distinguish between vehicle assemblers and parts suppliers. In Japan, assemblers and suppliers made dramatic inventory reductions and productivity gains, particularly during the 1970s. By comparison, we find an unbalanced pattern for the United States: American assembly plants have been streamlined, but parts suppliers have stagnated. In both countries our findings suggest a strong association between inventory reduction and productivity growth © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.