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1.
Berndt Keller 《Industrial Relations Journal》2003,34(5):411-429
The article asks whether social dialogues, according the procedures of the Social Protocol and the Amsterdam Treaty, have proved to be valuable instruments able to make major contributions to the development of social integration. More recent developments at the inter‐professional as well as at the sectoral level are evaluated. Furthermore, major trajectories for likely future trends at both levels are highlighted. The final part discusses the problem of whether social dialogues will profit from the introduction of new modes of governance, especially the more recently preferred open method of co‐ordination. 相似文献
2.
We design a novel across-the-curve credit spread index, AXI, a measure of the recent cost of wholesale unsecured debt funding for publicly listed US bank holding companies and commercial banks. AXI, a benchmark for bank lending and risk management, is the weighted average of credit spreads for unsecured debt instruments with maturities ranging from overnight to five years, with weights that reflect both transaction and issuance volumes. We provide illustrative output of the bond-based component of AXI. By widening coverage to include all corporate debt issuers, we also build a financial conditions index (FXI). 相似文献
3.
What accounts for the diversity and limited concentration that has long characterized the organization of the advertising agency industry? This question is addressed by treating an advertising agency as a multiproduct firm. The firm's product line or service mix is defined in terms of the set of different media categories where an agency places the advertising messages that it creates on behalf of its clients. Evidence is presented indicating that the structure of demand and costs in the advertising agency industry conforms to the conditions that MacDonald and Slivinski showed were required for an industry to sustain an equilibrium with diversified firms. Building on this framework, we formulate a set of three hypotheses relating to the realization of product-specific scale and scope economies. The first two hypotheses posit that given low fixed costs and minimal entry barriers, both media-specific scale and scope economies are available and can be exploited by relatively small-size agencies. The third hypothesis suggests that large agencies may experience diseconomies of scope as a consequence of excessive diversification induced by two pervasive industry institutional phenomena: (1) “bundling” of agency services to match client demand for a mix of media advertising, and (2) “conflict policy,” which prohibits an agency from serving competing accounts and operates as a mobility constraint. Utilizing a multiproduct cost function, we estimate media-specific scale and scope economies for a cross section of 401 U.S. agencies in 1987. The results obtained support the set of three hypotheses outlined above. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for the restructuring currently underway in this industry. 相似文献
4.
5.
Berndt Lehbert 《Review of World Economics》1980,116(1):131-161
Summary A Proposal for a Forecast and Simulation Model of the Energy Transformation Sector in the Federal Republic of Germany. — In
this article an attempt is made to develop a forecast and simulation model of the energy transformation sector in the Federal
Republic of Germany. First of all a method is shown by which energy balances can be transformed into energy input-output tables.
Such tables enable a more detailed view of the energy sector in a flow diagram than those developed by the "Working Committee
on Energy Balances." Furthermore, they lead to a critical evaluation of current balance methods, and reveal that certain assumptions
— made in setting up these balances — do not hold up with respect to the transformation technology. In interpreting the theoretical
implications of the input-output set-up, it is also possible to adequately consider the transformation losses and thus arrive
at a definite solution to the simultaneous equation system.
Résumé Une proposition d’un modèle de pronostic et de simulation du secteur de transformation de l’économie énergétique dans la République Fédérale d’Allemagne. — Dans cet article on essaie de développer un modèle de pronostic et de simulation pour le secteur de transformation de l’économie énergétique dans la RFA. D’abord l’auteur développe une méthode pour la transformation des bilans énergétiques dans des tableaux économiques-énergétiques d’input-output. D’une part ces tableaux permettent une compréhension plus profonde de la structure de l’économie énergétique au sens d’un tableau de flux que peut être donnée par les bilans énergétiques construites par la ?Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen?. D’autre part ils permettent quelques remarques critiques sur la méthode d’évaluation au bilan en découvrant que plusieurs des suppositions contenues dans le bilan énergétique ne sont pas compatibles avec la technologie de transformation. L’interprétation modèle-théorique du système économique-énergétique d’input-output conduit de plus à une considération apte des pertes de transformation et de cette manière à une solution claire du système d’équations simultanées.
Resumen Proposición para un modelo de pronóstico y simulación del ámbito de transformación del sector energético en la República Federal de Alemania. — En este artículo se intenta desarrollar un modelo de pronóstico y simulación para el ámbito de transformación del sector energético en la República Federal de Alemania. Con este propósito se desarrolla primeramente un método que permite transformar los balances de energía en tablas de input-output energéticas. Estas tablas permiten, por un lado una visión más profunda de la estructura del sector energético en el sentido de un cuadro de secuencia que lo que permiten los balances de energia confeccionados por la ?Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen? (Comisión de Balances de Energia). Por el otro lado llevan a formular algunos comentarios críticos sobre los métodos para efectuar balances, donde se revela que algunos supuestos contenidos en el balance de energía no son compatibles con la tecnología de transformación. Por medio de la interpretación modelo-teórica del sistema de input-output energético se logra, además, contemplar pérdidas por transformación en forma adecuada y encontrar con ello una solución clara al sistema de ecuaciones simultáneas.相似文献
6.
Journal of Regulatory Economics - In Europe, gas market mergers aim at reducing restrictions on gas wholesale markets. Market mergers also allow network users to book transport capacity at... 相似文献
7.
Berndt Keller 《Industrial Relations Journal》2020,51(1-2):110-133
The article deals with the widely neglected employment relations in the public sector of Germany with a special focus on civil servants. It is subdivided into two main parts. A shorter part elaborates on public employees and collective bargaining, a longer one on civil servants and their diverging forms of employment relations without the right to collective bargaining and strike. In order to better understand major changes that have taken place since the mid2000s, we chose a long-term perspective and examine traditional as well as present forms of interest representation. Limited degrees of decentralisation and their lasting diverging consequences are analysed in great detail. 相似文献
8.
Oh Travis Tae Keller Kevin Lane Neslin Scott A. Reibstein David J. Lehmann Donald R. 《Marketing Letters》2020,31(2-3):151-162
Marketing Letters - This article discusses the past, present, and future of brand research. We begin by reviewing three historical eras of branding development in the past: the information,... 相似文献
9.
Godfrey Keller 《Economic Theory》2007,33(2):263-269
In models of learning by experimentation that exhibit signal dependence, a benchmark using a passive learner has been proposed. The use of this benchmark is flawed – first, passive learning does not disentangle the effects of knowing that beliefs, as well as other state variables, might change, and we address this issue directly by introducing a naïve learner. Secondly, and more tellingly, passive learning does not do what it is supposed to do, namely help measure the gains from active experimentation; the naïve learner enables us to illustrate this point in the context of a particular example. 相似文献
10.
Quality & Quantity - Oppositional culture theory posits that students who belong to oppressed ethnic minority groups define their ethnic identity in opposition to the majority of students.... 相似文献