民营企业创新能力:特征事实与作用机制——基于民营企业引入国有资本的"逆向混改"视角

在当前中国微观企业层面广泛存在"骗补式创新"和"策略式创新"的背景下,本文利用中国工业企业数据库、中国专利数据库和Google Patent检索系统的合并数据,梳理了中国民营企业在整体创新能力和突破式创新能力方面的三个特征事实,并在此基础上提出了民营企业引入国有资本进行的混合所有制改革将主要通过缓解企业因"所有制背景"而遭受的信贷歧视的作用机制,有效地促进企业创新能力提升,从而带来"国民共进"的创新绩效.同时,利用前述合并数据进行实证检验后发现,混合所有制改革对于民营企业整体创新能力和突破式创新能力的提升均具有显著促进作用,但影响效果会因企业的改革程度、所在区域的民营经济发展状况以及所在行业的竞争程度而存在一定差异.本文的政策含义是:积极推进国有资本以多种方式入股民营企业,但要准确把握国有资本的持股比例,同时还要支持民营经济发展相对较差地区、竞争程度相对较强行业中的民营企业优先改革,尽快形成可复制、可推广的经验模式.     

Religious Market Competition and Clergy Salary: Evidence from SBC Congregations in the South

A bstract .   We utilize a rich and unique data source covering 13,825 Southern Baptist Convention churches in seven Southern states to test the impact of religious market competition, or pluralism, on clergy salary. We link county-level religious market and socioeconomic data to the county in which each church is located. Two measures of religious output market are used. One is a narrow output market definition calculated using only SBC churches. The other is a more broadly defined measure calculated using 132 Judeo-Christian denominations. Using regression analysis, we conclude that greater concentration among Southern Baptist Churches' members within a given county area has a positive, and statistically significant, impact on Southern Baptist clergy salaries, while greater concentration among other denominations has no impact on Southern Baptist clergy salaries. Most importantly, we show that Southern Baptist Churches exhibit predictable economic behavior despite the ethereal nature of the product they provide.     

互联网化、知识产权保护与区域创新产出

基于2003-2018年我国内地30个省市面板数据,实证检验互联网化、知识产权保护对区域创新产出的影响。研究结果显示,目前我国的知识产权保护能够促进区域创新产出提升,整体上处于最优知识产权论倒“U”型曲线左侧,并通过提高地区研发人员和研发资金投入间接促进区域创新;互联网化对区域创新产出也有显著提升作用,且互联网化水平提高能够强化知识产权保护对区域创新产出的促进作用;知识产权保护和互联网化对区域创新产出的影响有着显著的区域异质性,知识产权保护的创新促进作用在中西部地区更显著,同时,知识产权保护和互联网化的正向协调效应也在中西部地区更显著。基于此,提出为实现区域创新协调发展,应该实施差异化、适度化的知识产权保护政策等建议。