互联网使用与个体生育意愿——基于信息成本和家庭代际视角的分析

探究生育意愿的影响因素,助力人口转变升级成为当前研究的重要方向.文章置身中国具体情境,基于中国社会状况综合调查数据(CGSS2017),从信息成本视角和家庭代际视角两个维度考察互联网使用对个体生育意愿的影响.研究结果表明,使用互联网以及互联网使用频率越高的个体,其生育意愿越低.进一步研究发现,已育史对于互联网使用频率影响个体再育意愿存在负向调节效应,对于已育个体而言,上网频率越高对再育意愿的抑制作用越加显著;代际"数字鸿沟"对于互联网使用频率影响个体生育意愿也存在显著的负向调节效应.当子代和父辈存在较大的代际"数字鸿沟"时,对于互联网使用频繁的个体,父辈沿袭下来的传统育儿经验和子代通过网络获取的育儿知识相冲突可能会引致更多的家庭矛盾,进而抑制个体生育意愿.反之,当代际"数字鸿沟"较小时,互联网使用频率对个体生育意愿的抑制效应亦有所减弱.文章的发现对于提升个体生育意愿以及生育率的研究具有一定启示意义.     

The heterogeneous relationship between board social ties and corporate environmental responsibility in an emerging economy

Firms in emerging economies are faced with multiple, incompatible institutional forces in their environmental activities. Which of these forces will be dominant and instantiated within an organization is partly determined by the social relationships that a firm maintains with external actors. This paper investigates the relationship between board social ties and the level of environmental responsibility undertaken by firms in China, an emerging economy, by categorizing board social ties into three types in terms of the three isomorphic forces in the institutional field (coercive, normative and mimetic). Drawing on institutional and agency theories, using a sample of listed firms in environmentally sensitive industries, and a generalized least squares regression method, the results provide empirical evidence that ties that are linked to coercive and normative forces (i.e., political organizations and universities) are related to a higher level of environmental responsibility; however, those that are linked to mimetic forces (i.e., industrial peers) have a negative association with environmental responsibility, which is mitigated by CEO power. These findings suggest that the heterogeneous effects of board social ties on environmental responsibilities experienced by firms in a context of environmentalism are at an early stage.     

Factor Heterogeneity,Factor Market Imperfection and Trade

This paper develops a tractable model of examining how factor heterogeneity and imperfect factor market interact for determining a pattern of trade. Institution plays a crucial role for the interaction. In my work, firm productivity is defined as a composition of factor productivity and technology. Thus, input selection should affect the pattern of Melitz’s intra-industry allocation due to the incurring transaction cost. For a simple model, I assume two factors (labor and capital) and two sectors, which are relatively less institution-dependent and relatively more institution-dependent. When the economy is open, effect of the transaction cost on income distribution is more drastic for an institutionally underdeveloped country. Depending on institutional quality, the economic openness reallocates resource across countries through job creation or job destruction. The job turnovers redistribute income between heterogeneous labors within countries. The income redistribution is catalyzed by international mobility of capital. As a result, income disparity is widened between the institutionally developed country and the institutionally underdeveloped country. This paper can contribute to the literature of institution and international trade.     

The effect of corporate real estate ownership on R&D innovation: credit relief vs. resource replacement in China

Against the background of supply-side structural reform and the real estate financialisation in China, this study investigates the impact of real estate holdings on R&D investment using data of enterprises listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. Our empirical results yield five main findings. First, enterprises holding more real estate assets face more serious financial constraints, thus restraining corporate innovation efficiency. Second, when the profit margin gap between entity enterprises and the real estate industry is larger, enterprises are more inclined to transfer industrial capital into the real estate industry, thus reducing R&D investment. Third, when the degree of marketisation is high, intensified market competition, the optimal allocation of factor and product markets, and stronger patent protection will weaken the restraining effect of corporate real estate holdings on R&D investment. Fourth, monopoly enterprises obtain potential profits more than undertaking risks from the real estate industry, they are more willing to hold real estate, thus strengthening the restraining effect of real estate holdings on innovation. Finally, investors' regional preference intensifies the restraining effect of corporate real estate holdings on R&D investment. Our empirical evidence can guide entity enterprises on how to effectively balance short-term (non-productive) and long-term (productive) capital investment.     

Excess perks in SOEs: evidence from China

In investigating the relationship between economic directors (EDs) and excess perks in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China, we find a U-shaped relationship between the share of EDs on boards and excess perks, especially in SOEs controlled by local governments and with greater managerial power—as well as in regions with poor legal systems. The share of EDs on boards may have three benefits with respect to reducing the use of excess perks in SOEs: (1) replacing excess perks with monetary wages more aligned with the value of managers; (2) reducing the increase in excessive perks caused by the availability of free cash flow; and (3) reducing the use of excess employees to drive excess perks.     

继续为多边贸易体制贡献中国力量

入世20年来,中国切实履行入世承诺,逐步从多边贸易体系的学习者、参与者成长为关键角色.中国经济的快速发展得益于多边贸易体系和经济全球化的深度发展,中国独特的经济体制与结构,为WTO以及多边贸易体系的稳定发展提供了源源不断的动力,为全球经济贸易发展注入持久动能,为发展中经济体参与多边贸易体系作出积极贡献.当前,经济全球化迈向新阶段,呈现出许多新的特征,而WTO本身也发生了结构性变化.中国作为推动WTO改革进程、权力结构调整和利益分配的关键力量,在坚定自身立场的同时,应及时顺应全球化变化,积极响应多边贸易治理新需求,为WTO改革贡献中国智慧、中国方案、中国力量,推动多边贸易体系行稳致远.     

经济带:新发展阶段的新愿景

经济带已成为承东启西、连南贯北的"经济主骨架",在国民经济整体格局中的战略地位日益凸显,对我国经济发展具有重大战略意义.经济带的形成有其深刻的理论基础和现实条件,我国"两横"——长江经济带和陇海兰新经济带,以及"三纵"——沿海经济带、京广京哈经济带、包昆经济带五条经济带,需要进一步集聚经济要素,破除要素流动壁垒,提升节点城市能级,推动区域经济合作,以经济带建设推动我国经济高质量发展.     

设计部门现场管理的建设方案与实施

开展现场管理是提高企业管理水平、提高生产效率、提升产品质量、提升人员素质的有效途径.本文针对设计部门现场管理的建设思路与目标、实施过程进行了研究与实践,取得了良好的效果,为设计部门现场管理与建设提供了参考.