Covariance breakdowns and connectedness of crude oil futures markets with non-synchronous data

ABSTRACT

This article identifies the breakdowns in the covariance of three benchmark crude oil futures markets (WTI, Brent and Dubai) and investigates the changes of market connectedness across the breakdown periods. As the crude oil futures are traded in different regions, this article eliminates the non-synchronous trading data by employing the Vector Moving Average structure and the Bayesian data augmentation approach, which keeps the integrity of original data without changing its properties. The results show that there are significant breaks in the covariance structure of crude oil futures markets. The breakdown periods are consistent with the periods when the market volatilities are at high level and the returns are volatile. The changes of market connectedness are independent of the covariance states, which supports the globalization hypothesis for the crude oil market. The results also suggest that there is more information flow out of the WTI than to the WTI during the sample period, particularly during the breakdown periods in 2008–2009.     

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我国商业银行市场营销现状分析

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虎韵霓裳羽衣曲,十载激情谱华章M 11月,中国(虎门)国际服装交易会将迎来它的十岁华诞,一个激动人心的消息像一份不期而至的大喜贺礼在她的生日到来之际传来--国家统计局公布最新测评结果,全国综合实力千强镇名单新鲜出炉,虎门荣登榜首!     

封闭式基金的市场流动性研究

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