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Shortcomings in the treatment of intangible investment in company accounts imply that there is no statistical collection for innovative activity which abides by the logic used for other economic activity data. As a consequence, analysts rely on innovation proxies derived from administrative and survey data. However, it is still unclear exactly how the different proxies are correlated, and whether the choice amongst different proxies matters. In the light of the innovation measurement, this paper takes another look at the relationship between different proxies of firm innovation. The results show that firm‐level correlations between survey‐based indicators and other proxies for innovation are highest for manufacturing firms and for product innovations. 相似文献
3.
TIMOTHY J. RICHARDS PAUL M. PATTERSON ABEBAYEHU TEGENE 《Contemporary economic policy》2007,25(3):309-324
Recent research shows that the dramatic rise in obesity in the United States is due more to the overconsumption of unhealthy foods than underactivity. This study tests for an addiction to food nutrients as a potential explanation for the apparent excessive consumption. A random coefficients (mixed) logit model is used to test a multivariate rational addiction model. The results reveal a particularly strong addiction to carbohydrates. The implication of this finding is that price-based policies, sin taxes, or produce subsidies that change the expected future costs and benefits of consuming carbohydrate-intensive foods may be effective in controlling excessive nutrient intake. ( JEL D120, I120, C230) 相似文献
4.
We develop a bid‐ask spread estimator from daily high and low prices. Daily high (low) prices are almost always buy (sell) trades. Hence, the high–low ratio reflects both the stock's variance and its bid‐ask spread. Although the variance component of the high–low ratio is proportional to the return interval, the spread component is not. This allows us to derive a spread estimator as a function of high–low ratios over 1‐day and 2‐day intervals. The estimator is easy to calculate, can be applied in a variety of research areas, and generally outperforms other low‐frequency estimators. 相似文献
5.
Although exchange rates appear to follow a random walk when tested against linear alternatives, the null hypothesis of a random walk is rejected against a cubic alternative which embodies the intuition that the rate of mean-reversion increases with distance from equilibrium. A possible theoretical foundation for such a model is suggested. The model is tested on bilateral real exchange rates between four major currencies, and on the real effective exchange rate of these four plus the Australian dollar. The cubic model consistently outperforms its linear counterpart and the results imply that real exchange rates are in fact stationary. 相似文献
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In this paper, we develop theory about the relationship between supply network complexity and the traceability of adverse events. Because adverse events in complex supply networks are frequent and sometimes catastrophic, understanding how they happen is critical for the management of quality in complex supply networks. Drawing on literatures that deal with normal accidents, traceability, transparency and network complexity, we develop propositions that help explain how traceable adverse events will be in different types of supply networks. Drawing on examples from food supply networks, we illustrate the barriers to traceability associated with different types of complex network structure. We end by discussing managerial and academic implications for the design of traceability systems and supply networks. 相似文献
8.
PAUL MATHER 《Australian Accounting Review》1999,9(17):63-72
This paper reports the results of an interview survey of 48 Australian bank lending officers on the use of financial covenants in bank-loan contracts. A wide variety of financial covenants appear to be used. As expected, the accounting measurement rules were generally conservative in nature but they appeared to be less restrictive in other areas. The results were compared with similar studies of Australian public-debt contracts and US and UK bank-loan contracts and considerable cross-market diversity was noted. Evidence on the frequency and method of monitoring these covenants is also documented. 相似文献
9.
PAUL T. NORTON JR. 《工程经济学家》2013,58(4):34-45
To paraphrase an old saying: Everybody complains about the way obsolescence is handled in tax depreciation practice, but nobody has as yet found a solution that satisfies both the taxpayer and the tax collector. It is obvious that this problem is much too big to treat in detail in this short article, but an attempt will be made to discuss several aspects of the problem which the writer believes either have not been fully understood by most persons, or else have not been explained sufficiently by those who advocate certain procedures. In order to develop the subject adequately, it will be necessary to investigate certain matters not directly concerned with tax practice 相似文献
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