Introduction to “Economic and Financial Governance in the European Union after a decade of Economic and Political Crises.”

ABSTRACT

This paper offers the Introduction to the Special Issue “Economic and Financial Governance in the European Union after a decade of Economic and Political Crises.” We introduce the five papers. We distill three important lessons they offer for EU integration.     

互联网金融背景下商业银行物流体系演进路径

商业银行"信用中介"功能的强弱,很大程度上取决于其"信息中介"能力的大小。在互联网金融的大潮之下,互联网企业不断挑战商业银行"信息中介"的地位。商业银行只要做好顶层设计,实施平台战略,着力建设现代化的物流体系,将其打造成商业银行"线上+线下"服务的重要基础设施,并发展成为接触客户、感知客户的重要渠道,以及实现网点转型、主动服务客户的重要途径,就能形成物流、资金流、信息流"三流合一"的核心竞争力,引领互联网金融发展。     

Formalization by the State,Re‐Informalization by the People: A Gecekondu Transformation Housing Estate as Site of Multiple Discrepancies

This article demonstrates residents' transformative practices and discusses attendant outcomes to contribute to an understanding of state‐built housing estates for people affected by urban transformation projects. It draws upon ethnographic fieldwork conducted in a social housing estate (K‐TOKI) in the Northern Ankara Entrance Urban Transformation Project (NAEUTP). It addresses questions on why formalization of informal housing takes place today, under what conditions it is countered by re‐informalization practices, and what the outcomes of this process are. As informal housing became formalized by NAEUTP, gecekondu dwellers were forced into formalized spaces and lives within K‐TOKI, which was based on a middle‐class lifestyle in its design and its legally required central management. Informality re‐emerged in K‐TOKI when the state's housing institution, in response to the estate's poor marketability, moved out, allowing residents to reappropriate spaces to meet their needs and form their own management system. When cultural norms that are inscribed in the built environment and financial norms that treat residents as clients conflict with everyday practices and financial capabilities, the urban poor increasingly engage in acts of informality. I argue that the outcome of this informality in a formal context is a site of multiple discrepancies.     

Rural Migrants and Patriarchy in Turkish Cities

This article investigates patriarchy in the context of migration to cities in Turkey. It focuses on the ways in which patriarchy reproduces itself in the lives of migrants – for example through the local community, which reproduces traditional patriarchal control in the urban context, and through the social construction of female labour within the framework of the ideology of familialism and the housewife ideology in which women's economic contributions are devalued. Furthermore, the labour market, which offers low‐level jobs for migrant women, as well as growing concerns about moral corruption in the city, inflated by the media, act to keep women at home and inside their communities under the control of ‘their men’. The article also examines the attempts of individual migrant women to create niches for themselves in which they enjoy some autonomy and find personal meaning. This suggests a dynamic relationship between women and patriarchy. By examining the significant role of culture in reproducing patriarchy, the article contributes to a further elaboration of the concept of patriarchy developed by Walby. Cet article étudie la patriarchie dans le cadre de la migration urbaine en Turquie. Il s'attache aux modalités d'auto‐reproduction de ce système dans la vie des migrants, notamment: la régénération, par la communauté locale, du contrôle patriarcal traditionnel dans le contexte urbain; la structure sociale du travail féminin dans le cadre idéologique du familialisme et de la femme au foyer, les contributions économiques des femmes y étant dévalorisées. En outre, le marché du travail (offrant des postes peu qualifiés aux migrantes), et les préoccupations croissantes de corruption morale dans la ville (amplifiées par les média) participent au confinement des femmes à la maison et dans leur communauté sous le contrôle de ‘leurs hommes’. L'article retrace également les tentatives de certaines migrantes pour créer des niches individuelles où elles jouissent d'une certaine autonomie et trouvent un but personnel. Cela suppose une relation dynamique entre les femmes et la patriarchie. En examinant le rôle important de la culture dans la reproduction de ce système familial, l'article affine le concept de patriarchie développé par Walby.