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We examined how and why trust between a subordinate and supervisor develops over time from the separate perspectives and experiences of both dyad partners. Integrating the literatures on trust, leader-member-exchange (LMX) and promotion regulatory focus (PRF), we test our model using longitudinal data from a Malaysian subsidiary of a U.S. headquartered corporation. Subordinate's trust in supervisor mediated between supervisor's PRF and subordinate's experience of LMX quality; supervisor's trust in subordinate mediated between subordinate's job performance and leader's experience of LMX quality. Findings are interpreted within the high power-distance, high collectivist, and high performance orientation of Malaysian culture. 相似文献
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Firms sometimes commit fraud by altering publicly reported informationto be more favorable, and investors can monitor firms to obtainmore accurate information. We study equilibrium fraud and monitoringdecisions. Fraud is most likely to occur in relatively goodtimes, and the link between fraud and good times becomes strongeras monitoring costs decrease. Nevertheless, improving businessconditions may sometimes diminish fraud. We provide an explanationfor why fraud peaks towards the end of a boom and is then revealedin the ensuing bust. We also show that fraud can increase iffirms make more information available to the public. 相似文献
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This study examined how order of contribution in a sequential public goods dilemma affected cooperation. Under a sequential
protocol of play, players of different levels of efficacy made decisions one after another. We contrasted a High-to-low versus
Low-to-high Efficacy order in a nine-person game. Under a High-to-low order, high-efficacy players made decisions in positions
1–3, medium-efficacy players in positions 4–6, and low-efficacy players in positions 7–9. Under a Low-to-high order, the positions
of high- and low-efficacy players were reversed. We hypothesized that cooperation rates would be higher in the High-to-low
order that high-efficacy players (assigned in early positions), who would likely cooperate, would induce subsequent players
to cooperate also. We found the anticipated effect that cooperation rate was higher in the High-to-low than the Low-to-high
efficacy order. The efficacy order effect was the most prominent when people perceived that their group was becoming uncooperative.
This study illustrates a new type of structural solution to social dilemmas that by systematically assigning people to different
sequential positions, a group can be made more or less cooperative. 相似文献
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Using undergraduate students from the Waikato University in New Zealand as a sample, this study compared the ethical positions of students of different field of study and demographic characteristics. It was found that the ethical standard of business students are not significantly different from that of non-business students. The findings also suggest that female students are more ethical than male students, and senior students are more ethical than junior students.Besides sex and year of study, other variables studied were parents' occupation, religiosity and household income of the students. All these variables were found to have no significant impact on the ethical position of the students. Furthermore, all the interaction effects between the variables studied and the students' major field of study were nonsignificant. 相似文献
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Dr. Martin Kocher ist Post-Doc-Researcher am Center for Research in Experimental Economics Political Decision Making der Universit?t Amsterdam und Universit?tsassistent am Institut für Finanzwissenschaft der Universit?t Innsbruck; Prof. Dr. Matthias Sutter ist Lehrstuhlvertreter am Staatswissenschaftlichen Seminar an der Universit?t zu K?ln und Au?erordentlicher Universit?tsprofessor am Institut für Finanzwissenschaft der Universit?t Innsbruck. 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2005,85(12):802-808
Mit dem diesj?hrigen Nobelpreis für Wirtschaftswissenschaften wurden die Forscher Robert Aumann und Thomas Schelling für ihre
spieltheoretischen Beitr?ge zu Konflikt und Kooperation in (wiederholten) Spielen ausgezeichnet. Inwieweit haben die beiden
Forscher die Spieltheorie weiterentwickelt? Auf welche zentralen sozialwissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen lassen sich ihre
Erkenntnisse anwenden? 相似文献
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This paper examines the relation between short selling and returns and the impact of arbitrage costs on short sellers’ behavior. Using daily UK short selling data, we find that stocks with low short interest levels experience significant positive returns on both an equal- and value-weighted basis. Economic theory predicts that short sellers avoid establishing positions in stocks with high idiosyncratic risk. Our results indicate a negative relation between short interest and returns among high idiosyncratic risk stocks and that short selling activity is mostly concentrated in low idiosyncratic risk stocks where it is less costly to arbitrage fundamental risk. 相似文献
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Recent literature on nonlinear models has shown that neural networks are versatile tools for forecasting. However, the search for an ideal network structure is a complex task. Evolutionary computation is a promising global search approach for feature and model selection. In this paper, an evolutionary computation approach is proposed in searching for the ideal network structure for a forecasting system. Two years’ apparel sales data are used in the analysis. The optimized neural networks structure for the forecasting of apparel sales is developed. The performances of the models are compared with the basic fully connected neural networks and the traditional forecasting models. We find that the proposed algorithms are useful for fashion retail forecasting, and the performance of it is better than the traditional SARIMA model for products with features of low demand uncertainty and weak seasonal trends. It is applicable for fashion retailers to produce short-term retail forecasting for apparels, which share these features. 相似文献
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