The economic burden of depression among adults with rheumatoid arthritis in the United States

Aims: Depression is the most frequent comorbidity reported among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Comorbid depression negatively impacts RA patients’ health-related quality-of-life, physical function, mental function, mortality, and experience of pain and symptom severity. The objective of this study was to assess healthcare utilization, expenditures, and work productivity among patients with RA with or without depression.

Materials and methods: Data from adult patients who had at least two visits each related to RA and depression over a 1-year period were extracted from the Truven Health MarketScan research databases. Outcomes comprised healthcare resource utilization, work productivity loss, and direct healthcare costs comparing patients with RA with depression (n?=?3,478) vs patients with RA without depression (n?=?43,222).

Results: Patients with RA and depression had a significantly greater relative risk of hospitalization and number of all-cause and RA-related hospitalizations, utilization of emergency services, days spent in the hospital, physician visits, and RA-related surgeries compared with RA patients without depression. Patients with RA and depression had a higher risk of and experienced more events and days of short-term disability compared with patients without depression. The incremental adjusted annual all-cause and RA-related direct costs were $8,488 (95% CI = $6,793–$10,223) and $578 (95% CI = –$98–$1,243), respectively, when comparing patients with RA and depression vs RA only.

Limitations: The current analysis is subject to the known limitations of retrospective studies based on administrative claims data.

Conclusions: This study suggested increased healthcare utilization, work productivity loss, and economic burden among RA patients due to comorbid depression. These findings emphasize the importance of managing depression and including depression as a factor when devising treatment algorithms for patients with RA.     

关于市政环卫工程中"城市病"的建议 ——以环境污染为例

随着北京城市化进程的加快,城市人口规模的增加,北京的"城市病"问题逐渐凸显出来.主要表现为城市环境污染,交通拥堵,资源枯竭,房价猛增,城市土地规划不合理等问题.这些问题同样给市政建设带来了巨大的阻碍.其中环境污染直接影响了城市的环境卫生状况,影响了市政环卫工作的进展.本文通过分析日本与中国的环境污染情况,以各自城市垃圾处理情况,来对中国环境卫生状况做出最后评价,找出其不足之处,提出相应的解决办法及建议.     

Who benefits from partial tax coordination?

In this paper, we investigate whether partial tax coordination is beneficial to countries within and outside a tax union, in which countries are supposed to compete in taxes and infrastructure. Our results demonstrate that a subgroup of countries agreeing on a common tax rate can harm both member and nonmember states. This is in contrast to the classical findings that partial tax harmonisation is Pareto improving. When a minimum tax rate is imposed within a tax union, we demonstrate that it does not necessarily improve the welfare of the member countries. Moreover, both the high‐tax and low‐tax countries can be worse off. This conclusion is at odds with the classical result that a high‐tax country benefits from the imposition of a lower tax bound.     

浅析土地储备制度对房地产价格的影响——以北京市为例

土地储备制度已经出台了将近14年,其在经济社会改革中扮演着重要的角色,使土地市场变得更加公平公正,提高了对土地管理的效率,并对房地产价格方面产生了较大的影响.本文通过整理分析北京市2013-2017年的地价与房价数据来探析土地储备制度对房地产价格的影响,得出土地储备制度是引起发地产价格房地产价格上升的因素之一的结论.     

基于社会服务的示范性高职院校师资队伍建设——以广东农工商职业技术学院为例

服务是高职院校的第一宗旨,而社会服务能力的高低关键在于示范院校师资队伍建设。该文从广东农工商职业技术学院社会服务能力的实际情况出发,分析了该院师资队伍建设存在的问题,认为,首先应通过体制创新,提高教师社会服务意识;其次通过不同途径打造"双师型"教师团队,从而提升教师社会服务能力。     

产研协同提高创新链整体效能的新探索 ——基于新型科研机构的考察

我国国家创新系统和公共研发体系在应对当前国际竞争中发挥了巨大作用,但也暴露出在基础研究—应用研究—试验开发创新链过度分工问题,使各创新主体脱节.定位于工业研究院的新型科研机构,在创新组织和成果转化中正在逐渐显露出独特的优势,成为提高创新链整体效能的重要突破口.中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院以科学技术为枢纽、以产业协同为触媒的"渡船模式",通过协同创新克服科研与产业之间的缺失环节,成为贯通创新链、提高创新链整体效能的有效路径之一.     

论如何遏制大学生不当消费

当前大学生存在过分追求物质享受、志趣媚俗、品位低下、花钱无度等不当消费现象,教育部门应注重经常性教育引导,增强学生自警自控力;强化多重管理机制,增强学生自我约束力;注重营造良好的校园环境,增强学生的凝聚力。     

C++对象布局分析

分析了目前最为流行的面向对象的开发工具C 的对象布局，并进一步分析了其形成原因。     

关于开展航海职业教育扶贫工作的探讨

建设新农村的核心环节是提高农民收入。对贫困地区进行扶贫是党和政府解决贫困地区农民问题的重要手段之一,其中心工作是提高农民收入。通过开展航海职业教育扶贫工作可以有效地帮助转移农村富余劳动力,提高农民综合素质,增加农民收入,增强农民自身的造血功能,彻底改变贫穷的面貌;同时也有利于促进航运业和航海职业教育的发展。开展航海职业教育扶贫工作是一个多方合作共赢的过程。     

中国银行业跨国并购的同心圆战略

当前的全球银行跨国并购浪潮，是在第五次全球企业并购浪潮下产生的，中国银行业要抓住这一历史机遇，通过实施“同心圆”战略，从企业竞争上升到产业竞争的高度去整合全球金融资源，建立起自己的产业价值链优势，在国际金融博弈中获得先发优势。