The heterogeneous relationship between board social ties and corporate environmental responsibility in an emerging economy

Firms in emerging economies are faced with multiple, incompatible institutional forces in their environmental activities. Which of these forces will be dominant and instantiated within an organization is partly determined by the social relationships that a firm maintains with external actors. This paper investigates the relationship between board social ties and the level of environmental responsibility undertaken by firms in China, an emerging economy, by categorizing board social ties into three types in terms of the three isomorphic forces in the institutional field (coercive, normative and mimetic). Drawing on institutional and agency theories, using a sample of listed firms in environmentally sensitive industries, and a generalized least squares regression method, the results provide empirical evidence that ties that are linked to coercive and normative forces (i.e., political organizations and universities) are related to a higher level of environmental responsibility; however, those that are linked to mimetic forces (i.e., industrial peers) have a negative association with environmental responsibility, which is mitigated by CEO power. These findings suggest that the heterogeneous effects of board social ties on environmental responsibilities experienced by firms in a context of environmentalism are at an early stage.     

The Impact of Public Expenditure and International Trade on Agricultural Productivity in China

The “industry nurturing agriculture” reforms and World Trade Organization accession led to dramatic growth in public expenditure and international trade in China’s agricultural sector. This article aims to estimate the effects of public expenditure and trade on agricultural productivity in China for 2004–2015. A semi-parametric production function with shape constraints is introduced to derive more accurate productivity before the productivity determinants are analyzed with an emphasis on public expenditure and trade. The empirical result shows that public expenditure and exports can effectively improve agricultural productivity, while imports have no significant effects. Policy implications are discussed in the context of supply-side reforms.     

发展区域文化激发创造活力--关于加强柳州市文化建设的思考

文章在探讨区域文化的战略意义的基础上,阐述了加强柳州市文化建设的战略意义、指导思想、遵循的基本原则,探讨了推进柳州文化建设的对策,提出了通过实施十大工程和系列保障措施来促进柳州文化发展的思想.     

Fiscal decentralization, revenue and expenditure assignments, and growth in China

Theory suggests that a close match between revenue and expenditure assignments at sub-national levels benefits allocative efficiency, and hence economic growth. That is, a convergence of revenue and expenditure assignments at sub-national levels of government should, according to the theory, be positively associated with a higher growth rate. In the case of China, this paper shows, divergence, rather than convergence, in revenue and expenditures at the sub-national level of government is associated with higher rates of growth. A panel dataset for 30 provinces in China is used to examine the relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth over two phases of fiscal decentralization in China: (1) 1979–1993 under the fiscal contract system, and (2) 1994–1999 under the tax assignment system. The seeming contradiction between the theory and evidence in the China case is reconciled by taking into account the institutional arrangements that prevailed during the two phases of fiscal decentralization, in particular the inconsistency between the assumptions of the theory of fiscal decentralization and the institutional reality of China.     

美国会计目标研究的历史考察及其对我们的启示

会计目标不仅是一个重要的理论问题,亦是一个重要的实际问题。美国是世界上研究会计目标最早、取得研究成果最丰富的国家之一。从美国会计学会1966年发表基本会计理论研究公告算起,美国从事会计目标研究已有30余年的历史。美国会计学会、会计原则委员会、特鲁布罗德委员会、财务会计准则委员会都对会计目标的研究作出过重要贡献,形成了像基本会计理论公告、APB第4号报告、特鲁布罗德报告和企业财务报告的目标等一系列研究成果。通过对美国会计目标研究历史的分析,我们从中可以得到如下三点启示: 第一,会计目标的研究与对会计本质的认识密不可分; 第二,会计目标研究应密切联系一定的社会经济环境; 第三,会计目标研究应采取理论分析与实证研究相结合的方法。     

2002年中国成品油市场形势分析

2002年世界石油市场总体疲软，但依然存在走强的因素。加入WTO给中国石油市场带来重大变化，石油供应将总体充足，需求增长稳中有降。其中汽油需求增长约2％，供大于求，出口量将增加。柴油需求增长较快，产量有所增长，并以一定量的进口作为需求旺季的补充。LPG需求增长率可达7％－8％，产量上升，进口量继续下降。煤油需求增长预计保持在6．5％左右，产量有所上升，仍将保持一定的进口量。化工轻油需求增长率为3％左右，产量和净出口量均略有增长。受国际石油市场弱势的影响，预计2002年国内成品油价格的总体水平不会大幅上涨。     

大义父母40年续写异国亲情

在山东省荣成市上庄镇小龙庄村外,一座石墓格外显眼.墓主是该村村民邹殿臣,立墓者是他的日本"儿子"渡边浩充.追随着这座石墓,一段感人至深的故事为世人所传颂.     

The approach to transforming the traditional agricultural economy: a research on the multiple paths of poverty alleviation and transformation in rural China

Transforming a traditional agricultural economy into a modern economy is one of the main themes in economic development. Through theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper finds out that the key to transformation is to raise the economic value of people, to improve human capital investment and to match the stocks of physical and human capital. China’s rural economy is on the edge of economic take-off, and different zones may pursue different paths for transformation. The source of rural poverty is not the scarcity of income or consumption, but the deficiency of education, social security, medical care and economic opportunity, which we define as “capability poverty”. __________ Translated from The Journal of World Economy (世界经济), 2005,(2) (in Chinese)     

浅析信用卡透支

当今社会的发展使信用卡使用频率大增，它为方便客户而特有的透支功能使人们在急需用钱时可解燃眉之急。但同时因透支产生的民事刑事责任问题也接踵而来。所谓透支，是指持卡人在发行银行或者发卡公司信用卡帐户上资金不足或已无资金的情况下，经发卡行或发卡公司的批准，允许其以超过信用卡上预留资金的额度使用信用卡进行消费。根据是否超过银行规定的限额和期限，可以把持卡人的透支分为善意透支和恶意透支，     

2007年美国卓越绩效准则的新变化及解读

美国波多里奇卓越绩效准则的变化反映了质量概念的演进和质量管理的发展。本文介绍了2007年波多里奇卓越绩效准则的新变化，并认为准则的变化突出了影响组织卓越绩效的四个最关键因素：“战略优势和核心能力”、“创新”、“工作系统”及“劳动力”，准则的变化是为了应对经济全球化和信息化的发展趋势，为了适应卓越绩效模式向非盈利组织的推进，反映了组织经营管理最有效的前沿实践。