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Dimitar Anguelov Helga Leitner Eric Sheppard 《International journal of urban and regional research》2018,42(4):573-593
Urban entrepreneurialism and neoliberal urban governance are assuming new forms under finance‐dominated accumulation. We examine and contribute to theorizing the mechanisms through which urban governance is financialized, taking as a case study JESSICA, one of the European Union's initiatives to implement an ‘urban sensitive’ policy for sustainable and integrated development. Like other initiatives promoting financialization, JESSICA deploys the logic of finance to select and fund urban social initiatives and development projects on the basis of their potential return on investment (ROI). Understanding this process requires placing questions of political economy—how urban governance is shaped by the broader political‐economic context—with questions of governmentality—how stakeholders are enrolled in and come to take for granted new governance initiatives. Following the multi‐scalar institutional infrastructure is crucial to understanding how this works. Taking a relational multi‐scalar approach, we trace how changes at the supranational scale filter down to shape urban policy selection and performance in Sofia, Bulgaria, where we document how ROI calculations conflict with social welfare priorities. Contrasts between the trajectory of financialization of urban governance in the European Union and the United States demonstrate how this is geographically variegated, shaped by the broader context/conjuncture within which such financialization is embedded. 相似文献
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Model specification for state space models is a difficult task as one has to decide which components to include in the model and to specify whether these components are fixed or time-varying. To this aim a new model space MCMC method is developed in this paper. It is based on extending the Bayesian variable selection approach which is usually applied to variable selection in regression models to state space models. For non-Gaussian state space models stochastic model search MCMC makes use of auxiliary mixture sampling. We focus on structural time series models including seasonal components, trend or intervention. The method is applied to various well-known time series. 相似文献
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This study examines the social psychological functions clothes fulfil for young women and men, and the role that these perceived functions play for their (dis)satisfaction with their clothing generally. Sixty female and sixty male British students indicated why an item of clothing they particularly valued was important to them, including perceived functional and mood-related benefits, but also clothes as means for expressing personal and social identity. They also completed a measure of general (dis)satisfaction with one's clothing (Francis, 1990), and described their current financial circumstances.Results of diverse multivariate statistical tests support all three sets of hypotheses: (1) By comparison, men take a more self-oriented approach to clothes, stressing their use as expressive symbols of personality and their functional benefits, whilst women also have other-oriented concerns, choosing to use clothes as symbols of their social and personal interrelatedness with others; (2) although the perceived need for new clothing depends partly on financial constraints, women are more concerned with clothing in the context of peer relations, independently of financial constraints; and (3) the patterns of links between social psychological functions of valued items of clothing and general clothing (dis)satisfaction are gender-specific.Implications of gender differences throughout the clothes consumption cycle — buying motivations, purchase, and use — are discussed with respect to differential aspects of clothing advertising likely to influence women's and men's purchases on the one hand, and with respect to consumer policy tasks in assisting consumers on the other, particularly in the context of addictive buying of women.
Jason Cox teaches psychology and sociology in London. 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Die Funktionen von Kleidung und die (Un)Zufriedenheit mit Kleidung: Geschlechts-spezifische Analyse bei englischen Studenten Die Studie untersucht zum einen die sozialpsychologischen Funktionen von Kleidungsstücken für junge Frauen und MÄnner und zum anderen die Rolle, die diese Funktionen für die (Un)Zufriedenheit mit ihrer Kleidung generell für die Betroffenen haben. Jeweils 60 weibliche und mÄnnliche englische Studenten gaben an, weshalb ein bestimmtes Kleidungsstück für sie besonders wichtig war; dabei spielten funktionale und stimmungsmÄ\ige Aspekte eine Rolle, aber auch der Aspekt, da\ Kleidungstücke persönliche und soziale IdentitÄt ausdrücken. Au\erdem wurde von ihnen ein Ma\ der generellen (Un)Zufriedenheit mit der eigenen Kleidung erhoben. Schlie\lich beschrieben sie ihre derzeitige finanzielle Situation. Die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen multivariaten Analysen bestÄtigen alle drei Gruppen von Hypothesen: (1) Im Vergleich haben MÄnner eine stÄrker selbstorientierte Beziehung zu Kleidungsstücken, die ihren Gebrauch als Ausdruck der eigenen Persönlichkeit und ihre tatsÄchliche Funktion betont, wogegen Frauen auch au\en-orientierte Aspekte verfolgen, indem sie Kleidungsstücke als Symbole ihrer sozialen und persönlichen Beziehung mit anderen auswÄhlen; (2) Auch wenn das Bedürfnis nach neuer Kleidung teilweise von den finanziellen Möglichkeiten abhÄngt, denken Frauen an Kleidung stÄrker im Zusammenhang mit Partner-beziehungen, und zwar unabhÄngig von der finanziellen Situation; (3) Die Beziehungen zwischen den sozialpsychologischen Funktionen besonders geschÄtzter Kleidungsstücke einerseits und der generellen (Un)Zufriedenheit mit der Kleidung andererseits sind geschlechtsspezifisch. Implikationen von Geschlechtsunterschieden wÄhrend des gesamten Konsumzyklus bei Kleidung — Kaufmotive, Kauf und Gebrauch — werden auch in Beziehung mit Einflüssen der Kleidungswerbung und mit verbraucherpolitischen Fragestellungen diskutiert.
Jason Cox teaches psychology and sociology in London. 相似文献
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Helga Kristjánsdóttir 《Scottish journal of political economy》2010,57(5):591-614
This research looks at how foreign direct investment (FDI) in a small open economy compares with that of larger countries. I apply several specifications of the knowledge‐capital model to unique FDI data from the isolated country of Iceland, allowing for comparison with previous analysis of larger and similarly open economies. Using this together with other techniques, I seek to explain investment determinants by geography, economic size and skilled labor availability. The results of these analysis show that popular specifications do not accurately predict the effects for a small country case. 相似文献
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Fixed Costs, Foreign Direct Investment, and Gravity with Zeros 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fixed costs play a crucial role in current models of foreign direct investment (FDI), yet they are almost entirely ignored in empirical treatments of FDI. We fill this gap by using a 1989–2001 panel of FDI flows into Iceland to examine the determinants of fixed costs for multinational firms and how these influence aggregate patterns of investment. Our additions to research in the field include usage of several natural-resource variables, and the analysis of data on initial entry of FDI into a developed country. We use the Heckman two-step procedure, which allows us to account for fixed costs and their impact on estimation. Taken together, we find that the standard OLS approach to the data incorrectly links the quantity of FDI to source-country variables while in fact most of their role is in determining whether FDI takes place at all. 相似文献
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We present an advanced multimedia infrastructure that integrates continuous real-time media streams within the WWW. This new
service architecture focuses on advanced facilities for dealing with multimedia contents. A mediation server is at the heart
of the infrastructure. It organizes and structures the multimedia information space. In addition to simple services for accessing
and delivering multimedia data, it provides new functionalities for filtering and querying multimedia content. Content servers
and on-line sources deliver media streams integrated within synchronized multimedia presentations. We think that the infrastructure
will offer new opportunities for WWW-based information systems and electronic commerce.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献