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1.
The principal aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the future European high-speed train network on accessibility, by reducing time distance between places and modifying their relative location. We compare the current situation with that foreseen for the year 2010, according to the Outline Plan of the European High-Speed Train Network, in order to analyse which areas will most benefit from construction and improvement of the infrastructure. It is hypothesized that the high-speed train will certainly bring the peripheral regions closer to the central ones, but will also increase imbalances between the main cities and their hinterlands. A weighted average distance indicator is applied for this purpose. This measure identifies the spatial distribution of accessibility in the area of study, emphasizing the infrastructure effects, and locates accessibility changes at the European level. A Geographic Information System (GIS) has been used to carry out this study. 相似文献
2.
Juan Gabriel Rodríguez Rafael Salas Irene Perrote 《Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics》2005,67(3):347-368
We provide a partial ordering view of horizontal inequity (HI), based on the Lorenz criterion, associated with different post‐tax income distributions and a (bistochastic) non‐parametric estimated benchmark distribution. As a consequence, several measures consistent with the Lorenz criterion can be rationalized. In addition, we establish the so‐called HI transfer principle, which imposes a normative minimum requirement that any HI measure must satisfy. Our proposed HI ordering is consistent with this principle. Moreover, we adopt a cardinal view to decompose the total effect of a tax system into a welfare gain caused by HI‐free income redistribution and a welfare loss caused by HI, without any additive decomposable restriction on the indices. Hence, more robust tests can be applied. Other decompositions in the literature are seen as particular cases. 相似文献
3.
This paper analyzes the role of default risk in the momentum effect focusing on data from four developed European stock markets (France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom). Using a market‐based measure of default risk, we show that it is not the hidden factor behind this effect. While the loser portfolio is characterized by high default risk, small size, high book‐to‐market and illiquidity, characterization of the winner portfolio is somewhat more complex. Given that the momentum strategy is the return differential between the winners and the losers, factors such as the stock market cycle or the evolution of momentum portfolios against their reference point make momentum profits difficult to forecast. 相似文献
4.
In this paper we examine the determinants of self-employment success for microcredit borrowers. Theories of social capital and neighbourhood effects are integrated in an attempt to account for earnings differentials among a unique sample of microfinance borrowers. We posit that social capital – social relations that facilitate individual action – is essential for microentrepreneurial success. Based on a survey and data collected by the authors, it is demonstrated that social capital is a positive determinant of self-employment earnings. The role that neighbourhoods play in fostering social capital and improving microentrepreneurial performance are also highlighted. JEL classification: J23, O17, Z13 相似文献
5.
Threshold cointegration and nonlinear adjustment between goods and services inflation in the United States 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vicente Esteve Salvador Gil-Pareja Jos Antonio Martínez-Serrano Rafael Llorca-Vivero 《Economic Modelling》2006,23(6):1033-1039
In this paper, we model the long-run relationship between goods and services inflation for the United States over the period 1968:1–2003:3. Our empirical methodology makes use of recent developments on threshold cointegration that consider the possibility of a nonlinear relationship between the two inflation series. According to our results, the null hypothesis of linear cointegration would be rejected in favor of a two-regime threshold cointegration model. Consequently, we could expect a cointegrating relationship only when the divergence between services inflation and goods inflation is above the threshold point estimate. 相似文献
6.
通过对美国和欧洲共10个国家(英国、法国、德国、意大利、西班牙、丹麦、荷兰、奥地利、波兰)的16,000名成年人进行的跨国调查(2002及2003年),本文考察了当地的宗教信仰状况,着重于他们对神权、生命的实质及生命的开始等三方面的理解认识,并进一步研究了他们的一些宗教行为(如祈祷及参与宗教活动的频率)和对宗教领袖的信任程度。本文的重点在于分析个人宗教价值观对其就新兴生化科技所持政治态度的影响。为此收集了广泛的研究数据,考察受访者对主要生化科技,如胚胎干细胞应用、转基因食品和克隆等的观点和态度。最后,使用多元回归研究模式的结构方程模型(SEM)分别描述了人们的宗教价值观、对生命的理解、年龄、性别和教育水平等几个变量对于堕胎、胚胎干细胞应用研究和安乐死等三项公共政策争论的影响。 相似文献
7.
José María Gómez Gras Domingo Rafael Galiana Lapera Ignacio Mira Solves Antonio José Verdú Jover Javier Sancho Azuar 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(2):187-198
Given the importance in recent years of the phenomenon of academic entrepreneurship in European universities, knowledge about
determinants and performance of this technology transfer mechanism may have important managerial and policy implications.
Applying the resource-based view at universities, we have tested the influence of five bundles of resources and capabilities
on spin-off activity rates as well as on the performance of new spin-offs in a sample of seven European universities. These
five bundles are: technology transfer policies and strategies; human capital; stock of technology; resources and capabilities
of technology transfer offices; and support measures for academic entrepreneurship. Our results show that excellence of human
capital and the presence of university-based financial support measures are strongly associated with both spin-off activity
and performance. Another interesting finding is related to the availability of university-based non-economic support measures
(training, counselling, etc.), which have no influence on spin-off activity but are significantly associated with performance
of new spin-offs. We also discuss some interesting relationships between explanatory variables. 相似文献
8.
Corporate Social Responsibility as a Vehicle to Reveal the Corporate Identity: A Study Focused on the Websites of Spanish Financial Entities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study explores the relevance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as an element of the corporate identity of Spanish
financial institutions. Specifically, it aims to analyze the CSR actions developed by financial entities through the analysis
of all the available information disclosed in their websites. A content analysis applied to 82 banking institutions, followed
by different quantitative analyses, reveals the multidimensionality of CSR. Findings show that, while the number of entities
institutionalizing CSR values as core elements of their identities is still reduced, most organizations disclose CSR information
to construct communicated identities and legitimate behaviours. Besides, these dimensions are classified depending on the
stakeholder the action is aimed to, and that entities favour the generation of distinctive identities through the implementation
and communication of more visible CSR actions like those involving their customers or the community. In any case, results
indicate that organizations with certain characteristics are more likely to construct distinctive identities through CSR activities
and to establish ethical and social values within their corporate statements and cultures. 相似文献
9.
Corporate Ownership Around the World 总被引:230,自引:0,他引:230
Rafael La Porta Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes & Andrei Shleifer 《The Journal of Finance》1999,54(2):471-517
We use data on ownership structures of large corporations in 27 wealthy economies to identify the ultimate controlling shareholders of these firms. We find that, except in economies with very good shareholder protection, relatively few of these firms are widely held, in contrast to Berle and Means's image of ownership of the modern corporation. Rather, these firms are typically controlled by families or the State. Equity control by financial institutions is far less common. The controlling shareholders typically have power over firms significantly in excess of their cash flow rights, primarily through the use of pyramids and participation in management. 相似文献
10.
Rêgo Leandro Chaves Vieira Giannini Italino Alves 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2021,30(3):697-717
Group Decision and Negotiation - In this paper, matrix methods are developed to determine stable states in the graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR) with probabilistic preferences with n... 相似文献