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排序方式: 共有121条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Michal Kvasnička Rostislav Staněk Ondřej Krčál 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2018,18(1):47-58
This paper studies the effect of station density on prices in the retail gasoline market in the Czech Republic. We estimate the impact of the number of competing stations in various driving-distance ranges around each station on prices. We find that station density has a negative effect on prices; the effect decreases with distance and is statistically significant up to six kilometers. This suggests that the retail gasoline market is local rather than national. 相似文献
2.
Stan Siebert 《Economic Affairs》1994,14(4):31-35
EU regulation of labour markets under the Social Charter and Protocol to improve 'employment rights' may appear loudable but can prove costly for firms. Mandates will probably make the unskilled more difficult to employ. 相似文献
3.
4.
Ying Liu Stan Geertman Frank van Oort Yanliu Lin 《International journal of urban and regional research》2018,42(3):483-499
Gentrification in China is intertwined with urban redevelopment, which causes the large‐scale displacement of rural–urban migrants from ‘villages in the city’ (ViCs). Because of the informality of ViCs, migrant renters have very insecure tenancy and during redevelopment they are treated as a negligible (‘invisible’) social group. As they are very difficult to locate after displacement, they are also literally invisible to researchers. To make the invisible visible, this study traced a sample of displaced migrants from Huangbeiling village in Shenzhen. The focus was on the displacement process and on identifying the consequences for the displaced. We found various forms of displacement during the redevelopment process. Nearby ViCs were prioritized by displaced migrants to minimize as much utility loss as possible. However, they generally suffer from decreased proximity, increased living costs, and the loss of social networks and job opportunities. Remarkably, some choose to return to the gentrifying village, enduring displacement in situ caused by increasing rents, drastic physical neighbourhood changes and declining liveability, in exchange for retaining their original social and economic networks. Large‐scale urban redevelopment is causing the rapid shrinkage of informal housing. Recognizing and addressing the housing needs of this impoverished social group is a matter of urgency. 相似文献
5.
A quasi-maximum likelihood procedure for estimating the parameters of multi-dimensional diffusions is developed in which the transitional density is a multivariate Gaussian density with first and second moments approximating the true moments of the unknown density. For affine drift and diffusion functions, the moments are exactly those of the true transitional density and for nonlinear drift and diffusion functions the approximation is extremely good and is as effective as alternative methods based on likelihood approximations. The estimation procedure generalises to models with latent factors. A conditioning procedure is developed that allows parameter estimation in the absence of proxies. 相似文献
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7.
Valeriy?RyabchenkoEmail author Sergey?Sarykalin Stan?Uryasev 《Asia-Pacific Financial Markets》2004,11(3):301-333
The paper considers a regression approach to pricing European options in an incomplete market. The algorithm replicates an option by a portfolio consisting of the underlying security and a risk-free bond. We apply linear regression framework and quadratic programming with linear constraints (input = sample paths of underlying security; output = table of option prices as a function of time and price of the underlying security). We populate the model with historical prices of the underlying security (possibly massaged to the present volatility) or with Monte Carlo simulated prices. Risk neutral processes or probabilities are not needed in this framework. 相似文献
8.
A. Alexandre Trindade Stan Uryasev Alexander Shapiro Grigory Zrazhevsky 《Journal of Banking & Finance》2007
A new class of asymmetric loss functions derived from the least absolute deviations or least squares loss with a constraint on the mean of one tail of the residual error distribution, is introduced for analyzing financial data. Motivated by risk management principles, the primary intent is to provide “cautious” forecasts under uncertainty. The net effect on fitted models is to shape the residuals so that on average only a prespecified proportion of predictions tend to fall above or below a desired threshold. The loss functions are reformulated as objective functions in the context of parameter estimation for linear regression models, and it is demonstrated how optimization can be implemented via linear programming. The method is a competitor of quantile regression, but is more flexible and broader in scope. An application is illustrated on prediction of NDX and SPX index returns data, while controlling the magnitude of a fraction of worst losses. 相似文献
9.
Decomposing Local: A Conjoint Analysis of Locally Produced Foods 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Kim Darby Marvin T. Batte Stan Ernst Brian Roe 《American journal of agricultural economics》2008,90(2):476-486
Increasingly, foods are marketed as "locally grown." We use stated preference data from a choice-based conjoint instrument to address two issues surrounding consumer demand for locally produced goods: (1) what is the geographical extent of "local," and (2) is the value consumers place on "local" production distinct from other factors that are often confounded with locally produced foods such as farm size and product freshness? We find our subjects place similar value on products produced "in state" and "nearby" and that consumers' willingness to pay for local production is independent from values associated with product freshness and farm size. 相似文献
10.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Exploring Stakeholder Relationships and Programme Reporting across Leading FTSE Companies 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Although it is now widely recognised by business leaders that their companies need to accept a broader responsibility than
short-term profits, recent research suggests that as corporate social responsibility (CSR) and social reporting become more
widespread, there is little empirical evidence of the range of stakeholders addressed through their CSR programmes and how
such programmes are reported. Through a CSR framework which was developed in an exploratory study, we explore the nature of
stakeholder relationships reported across leading FTSE companies and the importance they attach to communicating both social
and business outcomes. It is evident from the hypotheses tested that the bigger FTSE companies, particularly extraction companies
and telecoms, are more adept at identifying and prioritising their stakeholders, and linking CSR programmes to business and
social outcomes. However, we draw the general conclusion that building stronger stakeholder relationships through CSR programmes
– other than with customers – is not currently a priority for most companies. We also conclude that a limited sophistication
in managing multiple stakeholders may compromise the impact of CSR upon business and social results. Finally, the managerial
implications and the contribution of our study are discussed before closing with an acknowledgement of the limitations of
this work and suggestions for further research. 相似文献