Fiscal decentralization, revenue and expenditure assignments, and growth in China

Theory suggests that a close match between revenue and expenditure assignments at sub-national levels benefits allocative efficiency, and hence economic growth. That is, a convergence of revenue and expenditure assignments at sub-national levels of government should, according to the theory, be positively associated with a higher growth rate. In the case of China, this paper shows, divergence, rather than convergence, in revenue and expenditures at the sub-national level of government is associated with higher rates of growth. A panel dataset for 30 provinces in China is used to examine the relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth over two phases of fiscal decentralization in China: (1) 1979–1993 under the fiscal contract system, and (2) 1994–1999 under the tax assignment system. The seeming contradiction between the theory and evidence in the China case is reconciled by taking into account the institutional arrangements that prevailed during the two phases of fiscal decentralization, in particular the inconsistency between the assumptions of the theory of fiscal decentralization and the institutional reality of China.     

模糊语言与"合作原则"

模糊语言是任何一个在使用中可能会导致两种或两种以上理解的语言。它包括指称模糊语言、概括性模糊语言和故意模糊语言等，模糊语言可能体现在单词或者词组层面上，也可能体现在句子和语篇上。     

大义父母40年续写异国亲情

在山东省荣成市上庄镇小龙庄村外,一座石墓格外显眼.墓主是该村村民邹殿臣,立墓者是他的日本"儿子"渡边浩充.追随着这座石墓,一段感人至深的故事为世人所传颂.     

ALL THINGS CONSIDERED,TAXES DRIVE THE JANUARY EFFECT

The multitude of explanations for the January effect leaves the reader confused about its primary cause(s): is it tax‐loss selling, window dressing, information, bid‐ask bounce, or a combination of these causes? The confusion arises, in part, because evidence has generally been presented in support of a particular hypothesis though the same evidence may be consistent with another hypothesis. Furthermore, prior work does not adequately control for the bid‐ask bounce. In this article we try to disentangle different explanations of the January effect and identify its primary cause. We find that tax‐related selling is the most important cause, overshadowing other explanations.     

The approach to transforming the traditional agricultural economy: a research on the multiple paths of poverty alleviation and transformation in rural China

Transforming a traditional agricultural economy into a modern economy is one of the main themes in economic development. Through theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper finds out that the key to transformation is to raise the economic value of people, to improve human capital investment and to match the stocks of physical and human capital. China’s rural economy is on the edge of economic take-off, and different zones may pursue different paths for transformation. The source of rural poverty is not the scarcity of income or consumption, but the deficiency of education, social security, medical care and economic opportunity, which we define as “capability poverty”. __________ Translated from The Journal of World Economy (世界经济), 2005,(2) (in Chinese)     

DEA evaluations of long- and short-run efficiencies of digital vs. physical product “dot com” companies

This paper applies Data Envelopment Analysis to determine relative efficiencies between internet dot com companies that produce only physical products and those that produce only digital products. To allow for the fact that the latter are relatively inexperienced, a distinction is made between long- and short-run efficiencies and inefficiencies, with a finding of no statistically significant difference in the short run but digital product companies are significantly more efficient in the long run. A new way of distinguishing between long- and short-run performances is utilized that avoids the need for identifying the time periods associated with long-run vs. short-run efficiencies and inefficiencies. In place of “time,” this paper utilizes differences in the “properties” that economic theory associates with long- and short-run performances.     

森林生态效益价值会计核算研究

森林生态效益是有价值的无形资产,这些价值不仅可以计量,而且应作为会计核算的对象。随着人们日益关注环境问题,营林企业应该将纳入企业会计核算的范围。本文着重研究了不同性质的营林企业如何进行森林生态效益价值的会计核算。     

东北大开发中环保利益冲突及制度创新

在东北大开发过程中，加强环境保护和治理具有重要意义，而目前提出的环保政策措施，对各利益相关方之间的冲突分析不足，缺乏激励各利益团体合作的机制，以至于环保规划方案往往不能发挥它应有的指导作用。因此，要想切实促进环境保护，必须分析政府之间、政府部门之间、长期利益和短期利益之间及企业行为动机等的利益冲突，强调各方利益矛盾的协调，进行制度创新。有效的制度才能保证市场调节的正常进行，保障环保政策措施真正发挥作用。     

注册会计师继续教育制度的国际比较

本文就目前我国注册会计师继续教育的目的、教育的对象及相关豁免继续教育的规定、教育培训计划的内容、参加继续教育时间与考核标准的比较等方面,与美国、英国、加拿大、西班牙等国家以及国际会计师联合会的有关做法进行比较,从中找出差异并分析其原因。     

基于智慧管控平台的电力物资“最后一公里”供应模式创新与应用

通过梳理电力物资“最后一公里”供应中的管控痛点与相关工作现状,提出了需求信息快速传导、跨部门关键业务协同和专业业务数据壁垒破除的工作思路,由此形成“依托信息化管控平台,消除业扩配套项目物资供应管理全过程中各专业间的数据壁垒,推进各关键业务环节的智慧决策,开展物资供应储备的精准化管理与末端配送的主动式服务”的电力物资“最后一公里”供应创新模式,并论述了该模式的管控体系构建和智慧管控平台的关键决策技术与方法,余杭公司实践情况表明该模式能有效提升电力物资“最后一公里”供应效率、保障业扩提质增效。