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The paper investigates cross-country differences in wage mobility in Europe using the European Community Household Panel.
We examine the impact of specific wage-setting institutions, such as the collective bargaining and the trade union density,
the employment protection regulation and the welfare state regime on wage mobility. We apply a log-linear approach that is
very much similar to a restricted multinomial logit model and much more flexible than the standard probit approach that is
typically applied in the research on wage mobility. It is shown that the macro-economic context and the aforementioned specific
institutions explain a substantial part of the cross-country variation that is larger than the part that regime type explains.
The findings also confirm the existence of an inverse U-shape pattern of wage mobility, showing a great deal of low-wage and
high-wage persistence in all countries. 相似文献
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Valeeva Natalia I.; Meuwissen Miranda; Lansink Alfons Oude; Huirne Ruud 《European Review of Agricultural Economics》2006,33(4):511-541
This paper examines control measures for improving food safetyin the dairy chain, using an integer linear programming model.The chain includes feed (compound feed production and delivery),farm (dairy farm) and dairy processing (transport and processingof raw milk, delivery of pasteurised milk) blocks. Results showthat 65 per cent of the maximum possible food safety improvementcan be achieved at relatively low extra cost per ton of milk(4.27), fairly evenly distributed across the blocks. Highersafety levels can be attained by increasing the farm block'scontribution, but at much higher extra cost (44.37 for the maximumattainable). 相似文献
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Ruud Knaack 《De Economist》1980,128(3):393-419
Summary The role of profit is firstly a source of financing investment and government consumption and secondly a means of stimulating the producers to act in accordance with the directives of the central plan. As an incentive it cannot be analyzed without considering the other parts of the stimulation system with which it has to form a harmonious whole,i.e. the price system and the calculation system. In successive periods of time the role of profit differed, dependeing on whether the plan was implemented in a direct or in an indirect way. It can be shown that in no period has the stimulation system been consistent.He is indebted to Annegreet van Bergen, Michael Ellman, Pat Ellman, Roy Jonker, Mirjam Nijhof and Roald Ramer for valuable comments. 相似文献
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Roel Nahuis Ellen H.M. Moors Ruud E.H.M. Smits 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2012,79(6):1121-1134
User producer interaction (UPI) increases chances for successful innovations. It is not always clear, however, what type of interaction is necessary in a particular context. This article identifies seven different types of UPI: constructing linkages, broadening, characterizing users, upstream involvement, first user enrollment, feedback, and downstream innovation. Specific contextual dimensions from which these UPI types derive relevance are discussed. The technological dimension of this context is conceptualized based on a distinction between types of technologies that differ in the degree to which they are customizable to user demands. Four case studies show that technological characteristics indeed matter for UPI, as do the heterogeneity of users and the phase of technology development. 相似文献
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Bouda Vosough Ahmadi Annet Velthuis Henk Hogeveen Ruud Huirne 《Food Economics - Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section C》2006,3(3):161-173
The cost-effectiveness of seven decontamination measures to reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 (VTEC)-contaminated carcass quarters in a typical Dutch dairy-beef industrial slaughterhouse were explored. To estimate the effectiveness a stochastic epidemiological-simulation model was used and to estimate the net cost a deterministic-economic model. The estimated baseline prevalence of daily-contaminated quarters was 9.16% (with a 90% confidence interval 4.40-13.10%). A reduction in the prevalence of VTEC-contaminated quarters to 2% using decontamination measures is achieved at costs of €0.20 to €0.50 per quarter, which is 16-40% of the net profit per carcass. A reduction to a prevalence of 1% will cost €0.50-€1.00 per quarter. Additional carcass trim and carcass steam-pasteurization are considered as the most cost-effective decontamination measures with costs of €16,340 and €20,243 per year to achieve a 1% prevalence reduction. Nevertheless, the lowest level of VTEC prevalence, less than 1%, is achieved using a set of measures that costs between €1.00 and €2.00 per quarter or, by implementing irradiation, which costs €4.65 per quarter. 相似文献
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Environmental Taxes, International Capital Mobility and Inefficient Tax Systems: Tax Burden vs. Tax Shifting 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
This paper deals with the so-called double dividend of an environmental tax reform. In a model with only labor and a polluting input as factors of production, we find that society faces a trade-off between internalizing environmental externalities and raising revenues in the least distortionary way. However, if capital enters the production structure, an ecological tax reform may render the tax structure more efficient from a non-environmental point of view, thereby raising not only environmental quality but also private incomes. 相似文献
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Summary This paper performs a meta-analysis of empirical estimates of uncompensated labour supply elasticities. For the Netherlands,
we find that an elasticity of 0.5 for women and 0.1 for men is a good reflection of what the literature reveals. The elasticity
for men hardly differs between countries, but for women some cross-country variation is found. The increasing participation
rate of women may lead to a somewhat lower elasticity in the future. Both the specification of the hours function and the
estimation method are found to affect elasticity estimates.
相似文献