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Christian J. Resick Paul J. Hanges Marcus W. Dickson Jacqueline K. Mitchelson 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,63(4):345-359
The western-based leadership and ethics literatures were reviewed to identify the key characteristics that conceptually define
what it means to be an ethical leader. Data from the Global Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness (GLOBE) project were
then used to analyze the degree to which four aspects of ethical leadership – Character/Integrity, Altruism, Collective Motivation, and Encouragement – were endorsed as important for effective leadership across cultures. First, using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses
measurement equivalence of the ethical leadership scales was found, which provides indication that the four dimensions have
similar meaning across cultures. Then, using analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests each of the four dimensions were found to
be universally endorsed as important for effective leadership. However, cultures also varied significantly in the degree of
endorsement for each dimension. In the increasingly global business environment, these findings have implications for organizations
implementing ethics programs across cultures and preparing leaders for expatriate assignments.
Christian J. Resick is Assistant Professor of Industrial and Organizational Psychology at Florida International University.
His research is aimed at understanding how people interact with and influence various aspects of their work environments,
including cultures, climates, leaders, and teammates along with the implications for various aspects of organizational behavior.
A particular focus of Christian’s work examines ethical leadership and the critical linkages between leadership and organizational
ethics. He received his Ph.D. from Wayne State University.
Paul J. Hanges is a professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Maryland and the head of the Industrial/Organizational
Psychology program in the department. He is an affiliate of the Cognitive Psychology program and the R. H. Smith School of
Business. Paul’s research focuses on three topics (a) social cognition, leadership, and cross-cultural issues; (b) personnel
selection, test fairness, and racial/gender discrimination; and (c) research methodology. He is on the editorial board of
the Journal of Applied Psychology and The Leadership Quarterly and is a fellow of the Society of Industrial and Organizational
Psychology and the American Psychological Association.
Marcus W. Dickson is Associate Professor of I/O Psychology at Wayne State University in Detroit. His research generally focuses
on issues of leadership and culture (both organizational and societal), and the interaction of those constructs. He is a former
Co-Principal Investigator of the GLOBE Project, and his work has appeared in Journal of Applied Psychology, Applied Psychology:
An International Review, and The Leadership Quarterly, among others.
Jacqueline K. Mitchelson is a doctoral candidate in Industrial and Organizational Psychology at Wayne State University. Her
current research areas are leadership, organizational culture, individual differences and work-family conflict. 相似文献
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Leaders,Values, and Organizational Climate: Examining Leadership Strategies for Establishing an Organizational Climate Regarding Ethics 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
Michael?W.?GrojeanEmail author Christian?J.?Resick Marcus?W.?Dickson D.?Brent?Smith 《Journal of Business Ethics》2004,55(3):223-241
This paper examines the critical role that organizational leaders play in establishing a values based climate. We discuss seven mechanisms by which leaders convey the importance of ethical values to members, and establish the expectations regarding ethical conduct that become engrained in the organizations climate. We also suggest that leaders at different organizational levels rely on different mechanisms to transmit values and expectations. These mechanisms then influence members practices and expectations, further increase the salience of ethical values and result in the shared perceptions that form the organizations climate. The paper is organized in three parts. Part onebegins with a brief discussion of climates regarding ethics and the critical role of values. Part two provides discussion on the mechanisms by which leaders and members transmit values and create climates related to ethics. Part three provides a discussion of these concepts with implications for theory, research, and practice. 相似文献
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Resick Christian J. Martin Gillian S. Keating Mary A. Dickson Marcus W. Kwan Ho Kwong Peng Chunyan 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,101(3):435-457
Despite the increasingly multinational nature of the workplace, there have been few studies of the convergence and divergence
in beliefs about ethics-based leadership across cultures. This study examines the meaning of ethical and unethical leadership
held by managers in six societies with the goal of identifying areas of convergence and divergence across cultures. More specifically,
qualitative research methods were used to identify the attributes and behaviors that managers from the People’s Republic of
China (the PRC), Hong Kong, the Republic of China (Taiwan), the United States (the U.S.), Ireland, and Germany attribute to
ethical and unethical leaders. Across societies, six ethical leadership themes and six unethical leadership themes emerged
from a thematic analysis of the open-ended responses. Dominant themes for ethical and unethical leadership for each society
are identified and examined within the context of the core cultural values and practices of that society. Implications for
theory, research, and management practice are discussed. 相似文献
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Gillian S. Martin Christian J. Resick Mary A. Keating Marcus W. Dickson 《Business ethics (Oxford, England)》2009,18(2):127-144
This paper examines beliefs about four aspects of ethical leadership –Character/Integrity, Altruism, Collective Motivation and Encouragement– in Germany and the United States using data from Project GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) and a supplemental analysis. Within the context of a push toward convergence driven by the demands of globalization and the pull toward divergence underpinned by different cultural values and philosophies in the two countries, we focus on two questions: Do middle managers from the United States and Germany differ in their beliefs about ethical leadership? And, do individuals from these two countries attribute different characteristics to ethical leaders? Results provide evidence that while German and US middle managers, on average, differed in the degree of endorsement for each aspect, they each endorsed Character/Integrity, Collective Motivation and Encouragement as important for effective leadership and had a more neutral view of the importance of Altruism. The findings are reviewed within the social‐cultural context of each country. 相似文献
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