Doing more and doing better are two different entities: Different patterns of family control and environmental performance

Family firms bear two types of agency costs, including type I and type II agency problems, in corporate environmental practices: (1) Outside executives at family firms hesitate to engage in environmental strategies, which can lead to drops in profits; (2) Controlling families employ opportunistically environmental management to achieve their interests. We argue that a primary cause for the agency problems lies on ineffective internal corporate governance at family firms, which can cause loss of managerial (or power) balance between outside executives and family executives. Our findings show that family firms with ownership and strategic control (FSC), which family executives and outside executives monitor and constrain each other, can achieve the highest environmental performance. Moreover, external controls, including product market competition and provincial environmental regulations, substitute effective internal control of FSC. The environmental performance premium of FSC is more prevalent when the production market competition is lower. Family firms with ownership, operational, and strategic control (FOSC) can achieve higher environmental performance within a province with more stringent environmental regulations.     

Pricing Defaultable Bonds Using a Lévy Jump‐Diffusion Model

This paper uses a reduced‐form approach to derive a closed‐form pricing formula for defaultable bonds. The authors specify the default hazard rate as an affine function of multiple variables which follow the Lévy jump‐diffusion processes. Because such specification allows greater flexibility in the generation of a valid probability of default, their pricing model should be more accurate than the valuation models in traditional studies, which ignore the jump effects. This paper also proposes a new method for estimating the parameters in a Lévy Jump‐diffusion process. The real data from the Taiwanese bond market are used to illustrate how their model can be applied in practical situations. The authors compare the pricing results for the influential variables with no jump effects, with jump magnitudes following the normal distribution, and with jump magnitudes following the gamma distribution. The results reveal that the predictive ability is the best for the model with the jump components. The valuation model shown in this paper should help portfolio managers more accurately price defaultable bonds and more effectively hedge their portfolio holdings.     

WPS在处理质检办公文件中的合理使用

通过ＷＰＳ汉字编辑软件在处理质检办公文件的合理应用，提出了使用ＷＰＳ某些功能键的技巧，可使文件处理更规范，更完整。     

价值工程在基础优化设计中的应用

本文通过在基础优化设计中应用价值工程理论，分析了基础设计中的功能，成本，价值三方面的关系，从而力求用较低的成本满足必要的功能。     

产业内投资与产业内贸易——基于美国的经验检验

产业内投资是指一个国家的同一个产业内的双向直接投资。目前,对产业内投资的研究基本上集中于产业内投资的存在性和产业内投资的影响因素,而很少涉及产业内投资和产业内贸易的关系。本文构建了一个产业内贸易与产业内投资的模型,说明在一定情况下产业内贸易和产业内投资是互为补充的,产业内投资促进了产业内贸易的增长。并且利用美国1991～2004年化工、金属和机械制造这3个产业的数据检验了所得出的结论。     

抵押担保贷款主要问题的成因与对策

抵押担保贷款是减少贷款风险,确保贷款及时回笼的有效法律手段,实际工作中仍存在一些亟待解决的问题。本文针对抵押担保贷款具体操作中存在的主要问题,分析了问题形成的原因,并提出了相应对策。     

科技型中小企业立体式激励模式研究

一、科技型中小企业员工的特性分析1.素质特性①职业道德素质。由于知识型员工掌握着公司大量的技术或其他资料和信息,如果职业道德素质很差,对公司会造成很大的危害。因此,科技型中小企业在吸纳人才的时候必然十分注重员工的职业道德素质水平。②人际交流素质。知识型员工大多     

奥运会对举办城市的影响研究

本文结合以往奥运会举办城市的实际,分析举办奥运会对举办城市的影响,既包括经济影响,也包括带来的社会影响。奥运会对举办城市的影响是积极的,但同时也带来一些问题,如何扩大积极影响,解决它所带来的一些问题是北京急需考虑的。     

开放式基金赎回现象的实证研究

我国的开放式基金在迅速发展的同时也经历了大规模的赎回。本文运用2002年和2003年开放式基金的季度规模数据，对基金的赎回率进行实证分析。研究表明，我国开放式基金的赎回存在着非理性的行为，表现为赎回比率过大、赎回与风险及回报的关系不明显、短线的赎回十分突出等。这与我国开放式基金发行制度上的一些缺陷是分不开的。另一重要发现是，投资者普遍关心基金的系统风险，而不关心基金的总体风险，这在客观上助长了基金持股高度集中的行为。