Embodied and Disembodied Technical Change in Fisheries: An Analysis of the Sète Trawl Fishery, 1985–1999

Overfishing and excess capacity in mostfisheries around the world have generated considerableand increasing concern about their biological and economic performance ramifications. Theseproblems, in part, stem from substantialinvestment in technical improvements to boats andequipment in fishing fleets, which exacerbatesexcess fishing capacity and low returns tofishing effort and investment, given regulatoryand biological constraints. However, little attempt hasbeen made to quantify the extent or effects oftechnical change in fisheries. In this paper, we usedetailed data on innovation patterns for 19vessels in the Sète trawl fleet of southernFrance to evaluate the contributions oftechnical change to catch rates. We find thatembodied technical change enhanced productivity by approximately one percent per year between 1985 and 1999, but that external (disembodied) events counteractedthis trend, causing a net output decline ofabout three percent per year.     

我与《走向世界》的缘分

2001年美好的秋日时节,正是我在中国教授英语第一个学期的时候.当时,我在中国伟大的书法家王羲之的故乡临沂市的双月园学校工作.很幸运的是,通过别人的介绍,我认识了<走向世界>杂志的副总编(现总编)纪涛先生.纪涛先生很喜欢我拍摄的照片,于是,要我给<走向世界>写些东西.此后,我撰写的<中国人的笑脸>一文很快在<走向世界>2002年第1期上刊登了.……     

Multi-Output Capacity Measures and Their Relevance for Productivity

In this paper, measures of capacity are developed following those suggested in 1968 by Leif Johansen. By taking advantage of Shephard's duality, both primal and dual multi-output measures of capacity can be derived. Having generalized the capacity utilization measures, the authors show how these may be entered into measures of productivity. In particular, it is shown how the Malmquist direct and indirect productivity measures are related to various measures of capacity utilization.     

Excess Capacity and Asymmetric Information in Developing Country Fisheries: The Malaysian Purse Seine Fishery

Excess capacity poses a problem in many developing country fisheries. These countries often pursue a development strategy aimed at expanding capacity under open access. Sustainable development, however, requires management. Principal-agent issues from asymmetric information between the regulator and fishers, which potentially form serious obstacles to fisheries management, arise in the likely forms of management. This article discusses principal-agent issues and examines the principal-agent moral hazard issue, which is due to divorce of ownership and vessel operations. The article also illustrates a method for estimating capacity when information is limited. The Peninsular Malaysian purse seine fishery forms a case study.     

我与石门山

在晨曦中欣赏完石门山的景色后,我回到了自己在远东职业技术学院的公寓.每天早晨,我都习惯早早起床,坐在房间里朝东开的窗前,打开计算机,查看电子邮件,给在世界各地的家人和朋友写信、备课,给<走向世界>杂志修改英文.此时,我都有机会看到石门山山峰上的宝塔.     

我与《走向世界》的缘分

2001年美好的秋日时节,正是我在中国教授英语第一个学期的时候.当时,我在中国伟大的书法家王羲之的故乡临沂市的双月园学校工作.很幸运的是,通过别人的介绍,我认识了<走向世界>杂志的副总编(现总编)纪涛先生.纪涛先生很喜欢我拍摄的照片,于是,要我给<走向世界>写些东西.此后,我撰写的<中国人的笑脸>一文很快在<走向世界>2002年第1期上刊登了.     

Capacity and Capacity Utilization in Common-pool Resource Industries

Excess capacity poses one of the most pressingproblems that arise when industries exploitcommon-pool natural resources. It entailsover-investment in the capital stock andexcessive use of variable inputs, and placesadditional exploitation pressures on theresource stocks. Confusion persists over theappropriate definition and measurement ofcapacity and capacity utilization for theseindustries. But understanding capacity and itsmeasurement is necessary to properly design acapacity management program. This paperaddresses these issues by overviewing theconceptual and theoretical bases for capacityand capacity utilization measurement,identifying specific problems for common-poolresources, outlining alternative methodologiesfor their measurement, and illustrating the useof these definitions and measurement methods ina fisheries case study.