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Dr.Hamadoun Tour é 《上海标准化》2007,(10):5-5
地球村的居民们享受着广泛的权利,同时承担着相应的义务。这些权利包括人身安全、公共安全、健康以及自由地获取信息。义务则包含保护环境以及尊重他人的人身安全、财产权利和隐私权。标准有助于公众享受权利并履行义务。例如。标准通过为消费者提供信息和信息保护, 相似文献
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An optimization approach for managing fresh food quality throughout the supply chain 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Aiying Rong Renzo AkkermanMartin Grunow 《International Journal of Production Economics》2011,131(1):421-429
One of the most challenging tasks in today's food industry is controlling the product quality throughout the food supply chain. In this paper, we integrate food quality in decision-making on production and distribution in a food supply chain. We provide a methodology to model food quality degradation in such a way that it can be integrated in a mixed-integer linear programming model used for production and distribution planning. The resulting model is applied in an illustrative case study, and can be used to design and operate food distribution systems, using both food quality and cost criteria. 相似文献
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In previous studies concerning short- and long-run relationships for price–wage models, the cointegration analysis has been developed assuming the existence of a unique cointegration parametrisation. These empirical results reveal the presence of significant relationships, both in the short and in the long run, among prices, wages, labour productivity and exchange rate. In this paper we intend to develop the possibility of a more general type of cointegration, allowing for a change at an unknown time period in the sample. At this end we will consider mainly the long-run relationship among these variables using the testing procedure suggested by Gregory and Hansen (1996a,b). This permits us to consider a multivariate extension of the endogenous break univariate approach and, in the meantime, this enables us to test for cointegration in the presence of possible structural breaking cointegrated relationships under the alternative. The empirical analysis of a multivariate model for price–wage relationship both for Poland and Hungary, over the period 1970–1996, is presented and discussed. 相似文献
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Wie Entscheidungstr?ger im B2C und B2B den Marktbearbeitungs-Mix im dynamischen Umfeld ganzheitlich effizient und effektiv
steuern k?nnen, um Investitionen im Markt- und Markenmanagement zu optimieren, erl?utert dieser Beitrag. Zentral ist die Messbarkeit
der kundenseitigen Wirkung von Touchpoints zur Bestimmung des optimalen Marktbearbeitungs-Mix sowie zur Maximierung des ROI. 相似文献
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The paper examines the problems arising from the adoption of national currencies in former Soviet Republics, and advances proposals to avoid excessive trade and output contractions. The move towards national currencies in many republics — though politically unavoidable and economically efficient in the medium term — is seen as having disruptive effects on interrepublican trade in the short term, with heavy losses of incomes and employment, which add to the costs of market transition. Mutual convertibility among the new currencies could allow some of the negative consequences on trade and production to be overcome, while in the event of mutual currently inconvertibility the effects on interrepublic trade could be disastrous and only some form of payments agreement could reduce the magnitude of the contraction. An intermediate currency regime which could sustain the level of income and employment would be based on the use of the Russian rouble as a regional means of payment. Such an event, however, would require as a pre-condition the stabilization of the Russian currency. 相似文献
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Mr.Renzo Tani Prof.Masami Tanaka Mr.Yoshio Utsumi 《上海标准化》2005,(10):F0002
我们都希望生活在一个更安全、更安定的世界里,然而。地震、飓风、江水、交通事故、传染病和工业事故,除了给人类带来物质损失以外,每年还导致成千上万的人员伤亡。为了应对这些威胁,国际标准提供了广为认可的解决方案, 相似文献
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Céline Jacob Nicolas Guéguen Gaëlle Boulbry Renzo Ardiccioni 《International Journal of Hospitality Management》2010
It had been found that cosmetics do improve female facial attractiveness when judgments were made based on photographs. However, these studies were conducted only on laboratory and field studies are scarce in the literature and none of them have tested the effect of customers’ behavior. An experiment was carried out in restaurant in order to verify if waitresses’ makeup is associated with an increase in patrons’ tipping behavior. Female waitresses with and without makeup were instructed to act in the same way than usual with their patrons. Results showed that the makeup condition was associated with a significant increase in tipping behavior of the male customers. 相似文献