试论环境成本的会计分析和控制

环境成本是本着对环境负责的原则 ,为管理企业活动对环境造成的影响而采取或被要求采取措施的成本 ,以及因企业执行环境目标和要求所付出的其他成本。应从环境成本的内容 ,从对环境成本的会计处理与实际发生的时间 ,从企业所发生的环境性支出的功能上进行分析。环境成本的控制在会计方法上主要是资本化与费用化之划分 ,直接费用与间接费用之划分。应当参照ISO的环境标准 ,按照可持续发展的原则 ,制定并执行符合我国的环境标准和环境会计准则 ,使环境会计更具有可操作性。     

The Impact of SFAS No. 114 on the Linear Information Dynamic for Commercial Banks

Increase (decrease) in loan loss provisions would decrease (increases) bank earnings, but increase (decreases) regulatory capital. Previous studies have separately documented earnings and capital management behavior via loan loss provisions by commercial banks. However, it is difficult to isolate a bank's demand for increasing earnings from its demand for regulatory capital because earnings is a source of capital. Based on the objective bank function, this study investigates the impact of SFAS No. 114 on the information content of loan loss provisions in relation to both earnings quality and capital adequacy in a linear information dynamic framework. Test results show that the association between market value with loan loss provisions became significantly stronger for commercial banks in the post- than in the pre-adoption period. As a result, SFAS No. 114 is also found to positively affect the association of market value with both bank earnings and regulatory capital through the clean surplus relation because of the higher value relevance of loan loss provisions. The findings thus provide empirical evidence that SFAS No. 114 has significantly complemented banking regulations in enhancing (reducing) the (dispersion from the) accounting measurement construct of loan loss provisions.     

Credit card cash‐out as informal financing: Evidence from China

Using a proprietary account‐level database from a commercial bank in China, we document that credit card holders can ease their credit constraints through the practice of cash‐out based on bogus transactions using credit cards. We find that such behaviour might be beneficial to both cardholders and banks. First, we find that a 1% increase in the cumulative number of credit card cash‐out transactions lowers the probability of default by 9.59%. Second, for private businesses, a 1% increase in the number of abnormal cash‐out transactions lowers overdue risk by 13.45%. Third, by lowering the overdue risk, the card‐issuing bank earns a larger profit. Our results are consistent with the notion that unconventional credit card cash‐out can mitigate the extent of capital misallocation in emerging markets.     

二级教学管理体制下的高职院校教学质量监控体系的构建

学院与教学系的权责关系、教学管理的规范化与教学环境的权变性,教学质量的规格性与社会需求的多样性构成了二级教学管理体制下的高职院校教学质量监控的矛盾,科学的处理好这些矛盾是二级教学管理体制下的高职院校教学质量监控体系的构建的主要任务。     

市场结构、意外利润税与可耗竭资源的最优开采——以我国原油特别收益金为例

本文以我国原油特别收益金政策为例,分析了意外利润税在不同市场结构下对可耗竭资源开采的价格路径、最初价格和社会福利的影响。以Hotelling的社会福利最大化的可耗竭资源价格路径作为评价基准,分析说明通过合理设定基准价格和税率水平,能保证在不同市场结构中实现社会福利最大化,据此作为我国原油特别收益金政策效果的理论依据。     

中国非正规经济(下)

三、非正规经济与社会流动 李明欢(厦门大学社会学系):劳动力市场跨国化和跨国的非正规经济 我要谈的题目是关于劳动力市场跨国化和跨国的非正规经济.从字面上看,这似乎是一个和本次会议主题有一定距离的话题,因为我讲的是跨国的非正规经济,而我们这次会议的主题是中国的非正规经济.那么,两者是否有联系呢?我想到一件事,大概是2001年吧,我到加拿大UBC,即位于温哥华的不列颠哥伦比亚大学参加一个学术研讨会.会上,一位加拿大教授在谈到跨国技术移民问题时,非常激动地挥着拳头大声说道:是千百万中国农民养育了比尔·盖茨!当时正是比尔·盖茨的微软事业如日中天之时,此言一出,全场一片唏嘘声,我作为在场唯一来自中国大陆的学者,感到强烈的震撼.     

实施绿色经济政策与企业环境信息披露问题探讨

国家环境保护部与银监会、保监会、证监会联合实施绿色经济政策--"绿色信贷"、 "绿色保险"、 "绿色证券",针对企业在环境方面的表现,银行会实施不同的信贷决策,保险公司会制定不同的承保方案,证券监管部门会在企业申请上市和再融资方面实施不同的政策.银行的信贷决策、保险公司的承保方案和证券监管部门的监管政策都会对企业的经营发展产生影响,这就要求企业加强环境信息披露.绿色经济政策为环境信息披露目前存在的问题提供了一些解决途径,并为环境信息披露提供了带有压力的外部环境,因此,企业要从各方面逐步完善环境信息披露.     

城市商业银行行业金融开发的案例分析——以石雕石材行业为例

行业金融是商业银行从行业价值链分析入手,针对行业的资金流动特性,从金融产品设计、风险防控及营销策略方面,提出符合客户需求的金融服务商业模式,为行业客户提供专业化的金融服务解决方案。行业金融模式有助于化解中小企业金融服务过程中存在的交易成本高、信息不对称、风险成本高的难题。城商行开展行业金融是可持续的中小企业金融服务模式的有益探索,同时,也是城商行融入区域主流经济、发展配称性竞争优势的重要战略。通过具体案例分析与演绎,文章进一步阐述行业金融模式的实际操作。     

汕头市粮食生产的现状及其发展对策

粮食的丰缺是关系国计民生的大事。广东省汕头市是典型的人多地少缺粮地区,粮食缺口历来也比较大,需要大量从外地调进。本文针对汕头市粮食生产的现状,提出了当前汕头市粮食生产发展的方向。     

International Variation in Bank Accounting Information Content

This study explores the cross‐country impact of financial system and banking regulations on the information content of bank earnings and book value. Test results provide empirical evidence that financial system and banking regulations have a joint effect on the association of equity price with earnings and book value components in Germany, France, the United Kingdom and United States. This effect is explainable by the objective bank function, which shows that earnings of the period determine the terminal book value, thus consistent with the clean surplus accounting approach. Cross‐country variation in bank accounting information content calls for caution in interpreting international bank financial and operating ratios.