黏性浆液在小孔隙多孔介质中扩散的流固耦合分析

该文基于有效应力原理建立了描述黏性浆液在小孔隙多孔介质中扩散的流固耦合模型.通过对小孔隙多孔介质注浆过程中的浆液渗流场分布与固体骨架的应力应变特性的流固耦合分析,得到了各动态参数如孔隙率、应变率等的相互关系并在施工现场进行了试验.经过与施工现场试验数据对比,得到的数值分析结果与试验结果基本一致,验证了该流固耦合模型运用于注浆工程的可行性与实用性,可作为小孔隙多孔介质地层防渗注浆设计和注浆效果的初步评判.     

Numerical research for contaminant release from un-suspended bottom sediment under different hydrodynamic conditions

Contaminant release from bottom sediments in rivers is one of the main problems to study the environmental hydrodynamics. Contaminant will release into the overlying water column under different hydrodynamic conditions through pore-water in sediment, the release mechanism can be roughly divided into convection diffusion, molecular diffusion and adsorption/desorption. In this article, phosphorus was as a typical contaminant with sorption. Through theoretical analysis of the contaminant release, according to different particle-sized and hydraulic conditions, the mathematics model of contaminant release can be established by the coupled Navier-Stokes equation, Darcy equation, solute transport equation and adsorption/desorption equation. Then that model was verified by flume experiment. Numerical studies show that, under different velocity, the instantaneous concentration of convection diffusion is about 6 times to 50 times larger than that of molecular diffusion during initial stages. The concentration of molecular diffusion is about 1 times to 4 times larger than to that of convection diffusion during late stages. Through analysis, the diffusive boundary layer near the interface can be obtained. In addition, the release will increase with particle size decreasing, and the release will be influenced much more by the size change when the particle size is relatively big under different velocity.     

Sediment rarefaction resuspension and contaminant release under tidal curren- ts

Based on experiment in tidal flume, this paper analyzes the sediment rarefactive phenomenon and hydraulic characteristics of sediment resuspension with different physical properties under the effect of tidal current. According to this experiment, sediment resuspension is related to the hydraulic characteristics of overlying water and its own dry density, namely the moisture content of sediment and deposition time. Generally, river sediment can be classified into the upper layer of floating sludge and lower layer of deposit sediment. Incipient velocity goes higher as the sediment layer goes thicker. Based on the experiment, incipient velocity formula of sediment can be obtained. There is a cohesive force among natural fine sediment whose resuspension is almost irrelevant to their diameters. Therefore, the critical incipient velocity is determined by the cohesive force instead of particle diameter. The lower layer of deposit sediment is generally not so easy to start up. And it will be rarified and release into the overlying water when contacting with overlying water. However, this rarefaction release velocity is gentle and slow. Under the same flow condition, annual loss amount of lower layer deposited sediment is about one fifth of upper layer of floating sediment. Flow velocity of tidal river and variation of the water level are asymmetrical, both of which vary under different tidal cycles. During long tidal cycle, flow velocity and water level change in the same phase and amplitude with tide. During the whole ebb and flow, flow direction does not change as the water level goes under the influence of acceleration and deceleration. As the tide cycle increases, the incipient velocity of sediment goes higher. This means that the long period tide cycle plays buffer effect on the resuspension of sediment, which makes the sediment not so easy both to start up and to suspend.     

凌桥支线输水钢管(顶管)受力数值分析

凌桥支线工程是青草沙水源地原水工程陆域输水系统的主要组成部分,选择合理的输水管材对工程的安全及节能具有重要意义。在考虑土压、管道内压、地面堆载和交通载荷共同作用的同时,还考虑了土体的初始应力场及非线性变形特性,采用弹塑性力学模型与有限元方法,对凌桥支线输水管道的受力情况进行理论分析和数值模拟,得到输水管道应力应变变化规律,这将对凌桥支线输水工程管材的优化设计具有积极意义。     

Hydrodynamic effects on contaminants release due to rususpension and diffusion from sediments

Hydrodynamic effects play a very important role in the contaminants release from sediments. Experiments were perfor-med to study contaminants releasing characteristics due to resuspension. The time-dep...     

无纺织布喷熔射流拖网表面流场特性研究

本文的工作是对喷熔无纺织布的常用生产设备-喷熔机的风场特性及流动控制进行研究.通过理论分析、数值模拟和模型实验三个方面对问题展开了具体的研究,首先对喷熔机风场流动进行理论分析并建立数学模型,然后进行数值模拟,最后根据模型相似理论,制作比尺为3∶1的有机玻璃模型,使用90N10型热线风速测量系统(HFA),参考数值模拟工况对喷熔装置风场流动进行了实验测量,这三个部分工作彼此验证,补充和完善.数值模拟结果和实验测量结果基本一致,吸风装置工作状态对拖网板上方流场有重要影响.随着挡风板开度和主副吸风速度搭配的改变,拖网上方流场呈现规律性的变化.研究表明在恰当的挡风板开度和吸风速度下,拖网上方流场速度分布和压力分布的均匀性都有显著提高,进而使无纺布孔径更小更均匀,孔隙形状和孔隙结构更为规整,提高了无纺布的均匀性、强度以及过滤效率.