An Empirical Model of Efficiency Analysis on Flood Prevention Investment in Japan

This paper aims to evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of flood disaster prevention investment from 1955 to 1999 by developing and applying an integrated evaluation model. Our analysis results have clarified some important issues currently being discussed in Japan. Firstly, the average values of normalized flood losses decreased greatly between the 1955-1961 period and the 1984-1999 period. Secondly, the ratio of human loss to total loss caused by floods in Japan may be less than 10%, based on the concept of the value of statistical life (VOSL) and values estimated from the risk-money tradeoff. The proportion of intangible effect to total loss increased from less than 10% before the 1970s to approximately 20% after that period. Finally, flood prevention investment in Japan effectively reduced losses caused by flooding before the 1960s; however, since the 1980s, investment has changed from an efficient mode to an inefficient mode, not only from the economic standpoint, but also from that of total flood loss saving.     

骆马湖水环境变化趋势及对策研究

随着经济发展、城市化率的提高，加之滨湖开发，骆马湖的水质呈现一定的恶化趋势，生态系统遭受破坏，水体富营养化发展有越来越严重的趋势。通过对骆马湖营养化程度和污染原因的分析，提出了一些对策措施和解决办法，以期实现湖泊的生态、环境与经济的协调发展。     

关于邮政企业管理人员竞争上岗工作的思考

为做好邮政企业竞争上岗工作,调动企业和员工双方面的积极性,文章分析了邮政企业竞争上岗工作的意义,提出了竞争上岗工作中存在的问题,探讨了做好竞争上岗工作的对策。     

我国财政支农的资金效益问题研究

本文通过一系列数据对我国财政支农资金的效益进行分析得出农村居民纯收入的缓慢增长与财政支农资金的快速增加形成了明显反差,我国财政支农资金使用效益不高。针对这样的现状,分析了产生财政支农资金效益不足的原因,并提出相应措施来提高财政支农资金的使用效益。     

江苏农村供水现状分析与对策建议

对江苏农村供水现状进行分析,剖析目前存在的主要问题,提出江苏农村供水发展思路,并提出构建从源头到龙头的城乡供水保障工程体系和规范化管理体系的对策建议,以促进农村供水保障水平再上新台阶.     

引黄灌区农业面源污染影响因子敏感性评价

农田排水沟渠系统作为农田面源排放和下游受纳水体的过渡带,对于农田径流来说是汇,而对于下游受纳水体是源.氮、磷污染物在排水沟渠输送过程中的迁移特征是农业面源污染防治的核心内容之一.本研究在总结国内外有关研究成果的基础上,通过监测试验、数据拟合和敏感分析来确定水深、流速、水温、pH值、溶解氧浓度等五个主要因子对排水沟渠中氮、磷污染物迁移转化作用及其影响情况.研究表明,在实现沟渠中氮、磷污染物的最大截留率时,在其他条件相同的情况下,流速和水深起重要作用,影响程度最高.     

均衡性原则之“权重公式”的反思与重构——一个法经济学的分析视角

为避免均衡性原则适用的模糊抽象,具体化成为学界共识,量化方法颇受关注。阿列克西设计的“权重公式Wij”的影响力较大,发挥着定序量化分析的功能,但公式的适用范围受限及构成要素的赋值不当,降低了其应用价值。解决问题的关键在于重构“权重公式”的适用框架,法经济学的分析方法能强化公式的适用能力,使量化过程更具客观性。在以利益为核心的成本收益分析框架下,“权利”作为公式的适用对象,经必要变量的逻辑改进,“权利”的保护强度作为公式的构成要素;经济学上的价值及“权利”的损害导向确立公式的量化基础,继而“权利”能实现货币等价或价值评估。尤其基于经济学的替代理论,“权利”之间构成了新的权衡模型：“权衡公式Bij。”在“权衡公式”的结果判定上,Bij≥1,手段不符合均衡性,不应改变“初始状态”下“权利”的比例关系;Bij＜1,手段符合均衡性,且尽力选择使Bij值更小之手段。“权衡公式”兼具体系化与精细化分析能力,保持了严密结构和强操作性,为更普遍的实践应用提供新思路。在“权衡公式”与成本收益分析的关系上,它是一种融合成本收益分析的均衡性判断。     

Experimental study of a novel hybrid constructed wetland for water reuse and its application in Southern China

A new type of hybrid constructed wetland (CW), consisting of both vertical-baffled flow wetland (VBFW) and horizontal subsurface flow wetland (HSFW), has been deployed in Southern China to naturally accelerate the removal of organic matter and nitrogen. The hybrid CW system is characterised by a combination of continuous baffled flow vertical wetland and 'S' pattern horizontal subsurface flow wetland with natural aeration ditches to increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the HSFW bed. An internal circulatory system from the HSFW effluent back to the VBFW may optionally be operated to enhance the biological denitrification effect. Cyperus alternifolius is the main macrophyte in the wetland bed. The performance of the hybrid CW was studied with a pilot-scale system and three full-scale systems for municipal sewage treatment in Southern China. The results suggest that this new hybrid CW can achieve removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of better than 83.6, 95.0, 71.7, 64.5 and 68.1% respectively, with a specific wetland bed area of 0.70-0.93 m(2) PE(-1). The mean effluent concentrations of these parameters would meet the regulatory discharge limits for wastewater treatment systems (GB18918, 2002) and reuse in the context of agricultural irrigation solutions in China.     

统筹兼顾是水资源可持续利用的根本方法——关于黑河、石羊河流域治理的思考

甘肃省十年九旱,水资源短缺,有限的水资源始终是甘肃省经济社会发展的主要制约因素。中国特色社会主义理论体系,尤其是科学发展观,为破解水问题指明了方向,提供了方法。流域治理成功的经验使水利人更加坚定信念和理念,以水资源的可持续利用支撑经济社会的可持续发展,必须坚持以人为本,走又好又快、全面协调可持续的发展道路。统筹兼顾是解决甘肃省水资源供需矛盾,协调好生活、生产、生态用水,科学制定流域治理方案,扎实推进水利工作的根本方法。     

技术创业型企业孵化资本投入的风险管控——来自多案例对比

待孵化的技术创业型企业同时具有概念性技术向差异化产品转化的高风险与产品异质性被认同后溢价评估的高收益特点，导致其投资者多处于隔岸观火却欲罢不能的的孵化投资矛盾中。对孵化资本实施有效的风险管控，成为吸引外部资本投入的关键。基于此，选择在可创概念选育与技术创业孵化领域探索出高成功率路径的概念证明中心、YCombinator和创新工场为研究案例，分析其在创业项目筛选、孵化资金运营等关键环节的风险管控方式，以期完善我国孵化资本管控理论、助力我国商业孵化器提高资金风险管控能力、促进外部资本投入。