A step beside the maximin path: Can we sustain the economy by following Hartwick's investment rule?

If sustainability is interpreted as the requirement to sustain consumption or utility at an optimal level, a maximin objective appears to be relevant. The sustained economy is characterized by an optimal investment following Hartwick's investment rule. This paper examines how the sustainability of a production-consumption economy with a non-renewable resource is modified in the neighborhood of the maximin path, i.e. when the consumption and the resource price are not optimal. A Sustainable Consumption Indicator is introduced in order to characterize the sustainability of constant consumption paths, defined as deviations from the maximin path. We describe how an over-consumption jeopardizes future sustainability.     

如何正确安装Protel 99 SE附加程序

随着计算机软件在工程设计领域的应用越来越广,广大电子设计人员普遍运用澳大利亚ProtelTech鄄nology公司推出的Protel系列电路设计软件来进行产品分析和设计开发等工作。本文详细介绍了最新推出的Protel99SE电路设计软件的一些附加程序的正确安装,以帮助工程设计人员快速掌握该软件的使用和开发技术,同时也使该软件的功能得到充分发挥。     

Bankruptcy prediction for small- and medium-sized companies using severely imbalanced datasets

Bankruptcy prediction is still important topic receiving notable attention. Information about an imminent bankruptcy threat is a crucial aspect of the decision-making process of managers, financial institutions, and government agencies. In this paper, we utilize a newly acquired dataset comprising financial parameters derived from the annual reports of small- and medium-sized companies. The data, which reveal the true ratio between bankrupt and non-bankrupt companies, are severely imbalanced and only contain a small fraction of bankrupt companies. Our solution to overcome this challenging scenario of imbalanced learning was to adopt three one-class classification methods: a least-squares approach to anomaly detection, an isolation forest, and one-class support vector machines for comparison with conventional support vector machines. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the financial attributes and identify those that are most relevant to bankruptcy prediction. The highest prediction performance in terms of the geometric mean score is 91%. The results are validated on two datasets from the manufacturing and construction industries.     

浅谈Protel 99 SE教学经验

Protel 99 SE是一个乘电路原理圈设计、印制电路板设计、信号分析、电路仿真等功能为一体的电路EDA软件，由于其强大的功能，深受电子类各专业设计人员和广大电子爱好者的青睐，同时也是职业学校的必修课程，本文就这一软件在教学中出现的问题展开论述。     

On multivariate higher order von Mises expansions

In this paper we review the von Mises calculations of higher order for statistical functionals of one variable. For the functionals of several variables, the higher order Gateaux differentials are defined leading to the corresponding multivariate higher order von Mises expansions. These expansions are used to analyze the bias of the corresponding statistical functionals. The second and third order derivatives are computed for M-estimates. Applications of these expansions to study the bias of M-estimates of location and to simultaneous M-estimates of location and scale are also given. Received: July 2000     

The 99 price ending as a signal of a low-price appeal

There is evidence that the rightmost digits, or endings, of retail prices can communicate meanings to consumers. To better understand how such meanings are formed, this paper addresses the question of how the 99 price ending can have a low-price meaning even though 99-ending prices tend to be higher rather than lower competitive prices. Analysis of two large samples of newspaper price advertising indicates that there is a strong and robust correlation between the use of the 99 price ending and the presence of a low-price appeal such as a claimed discount. It is suggested that the salience of price advertising leads it to dominate other sources of information in the consumer's learning of price-ending meanings.     

Modelling distribution of aggregate expenditure on tourism

The aim of this article is to obtain a statistical distribution that describes the aggregate expenditure of tourists related to their length of stay at a given location. This distribution enables us to estimate two parameters simultaneously; one controls the length of stay and the other, the expense incurred. We propose two distribution models, for which closed-form expressions are obtained. Covariates are introduced in order to study the factors that affect the aggregate expenditure. The results obtained indicate that the models achieve a reasonably good fit, with and without covariates.     

Gathering Data for Archival,Field, Survey,and Experimental Accounting Research

In the published proceedings of the first Journal of Accounting Research Conference, Vatter [1966] lamented that “Gathering direct and original facts is a tedious and difficult task, and it is not surprising that such work is avoided.” For the fiftieth JAR Conference, we introduce a framework to help researchers understand the complementary value of seven empirical methods that gather data in different ways: prestructured archives, unstructured (“hand‐collected”) archives, field studies, field experiments, surveys, laboratory studies, and laboratory experiments. The framework spells out five goals of an empirical literature and defines the seven methods according to researchers’ choices with respect to five data gathering tasks. We use the framework and examples of successful research studies in the financial reporting literature to clarify how data gathering choices affect a study's ability to achieve its goals, and conclude by showing how the complementary nature of different methods allows researchers to build a literature more effectively than they could with less diverse approaches to gathering data.     

辽河坳陷锦99块地质特征与油气聚集规律

辽河油田锦99块构造特征复杂,储层砂体变化快,区块1992年投入开发,但初期投产油井生产效果较差,区块全面停产12年,属于尚未进行大规模开发的地区,为了正确识别油水层并为制定油田开发方案提供依据,建立该地区油水关系解释图版和识别标准显得尤为重要,通过储层"四性"(指岩性、物性、含油性、电性)关系研究,应用交会图版法来识别油水层。同时,结合对区块内各四级断块内的油井进行试采,来综合确定含油层系,为下部开发部署提供可靠依据。