Marketing versus public relations in selling nuclear power

All too often, the terminology and practices of public relations are used when marketing is what is really needed. This misapplication appears most often when a concept, an idea, or an intangible product is involved. Webster defines public relations as: relations with the general public through publicity; those functions of a corporation, organization, branch of military service, etc., concerned with informing the public of its activities, policies, etc., and attempting to create favorable public opinion.This definition implies a general, ongoing effort to supply information supporting the image of an organization. There is, however, a considerable difference between this kind of activity and the specific, overt process of marketing. This difference has been particularly apparent in attempts of public utilities to “sell” nuclear power plants. Utilities, of course, are monopoly suppliers and, as such, must seek a favorable image in the community. Thus, when public opposition to nuclear power plants mounted, many utilities responded with stepped-up public relations programs; the method they knew best. This article examines the experience of several utilities in locating nuclear plants and suggests how marketing techniques might be used in selling this intangible product.     

跨界高端颠覆性创新模式研究：理论与案例验证

克里斯坦森的颠覆性创新理论旨在解释具有很强技术创新能力的企业顷刻间衰败的颠覆性现象。然而，现有颠覆性创新理论认为，颠覆性创新都是低端的，难以解释智能手机、固态硬盘等高端颠覆现象。通过研究固态硬盘对机械硬盘高端颠覆的案例发现：①导致行业领先企业市场地位更替的新技术，都应该被视为是颠覆性创新，而不应以技术是否具有低端属性作为判断依据；②现有理论认为，颠覆性技术首先来源于行业内部，忽略了技术创新的行业相对性，一个行业的既有技术可能对其它行业产生颠覆性效应；③外部行业企业通过外部技术对原有行业进行颠覆，这种颠覆往往表现为高端颠覆。     

Personal characteristics of salespeople and the attractiveness of alternative rewards

How do personal characteristics of salespeople affect their desire for the various rewards available to them? Do younger salespeople desire different types and levels of rewards than older salespeople? Are there differences due to job tenure, marital status, family size, and so forth? In this article, the authors attempt to answer these questions. Based on an extensive investigation of the industrial sales forces from two large companies, the authors examine the relationship between personal characteristics and the sales force's valence for various rewards. Although some of the findings are consistent with current sales management practices, some are not, suggesting that present day thinking with respect to the design and administration of rewards may need more careful scrutiny.     

Governmental budgeting as ex ante financial accounting: The United Kingdom case

For many years now the academic governmental-budgeting literature has concentrated almost exclusively on the politics and economics of the budgetary process at the expense of the mechanical foundations. Consequently, we see an interesting but insulated discussion about political involvement and about the strengths and weaknesses of planning models. What we do not see is a discussion of the accounting perspective. This paper offers such a discussion. It explains local government budgeting as “ex ante financial accounting” and offers some important implications of this re-interpretation.     

技术标准——企业协作研发的新动力

通过对以往协作研发的动力的回顾,作者提出了技术标准是企业协作的新动力,并用理论与实证的方法进行了论证。     

The determination of corporate optimal capital structure under value maximization and informational asymmetry

In this article we examine the optimal capital structure of the firm under conditions of informational asymmetry, i.e., when the manager of the firm is viewed by the market as possessing inside information about the firm's future profitability. Unlike previous research on this topic, in this study we preserve the objective of value maximization when examining the signaling property of corporate capital structure. We also recognize explicitly the other consequences of debt financing on the value of the firm. An integrated analysis of the capital structure problem within the context of rational expectation is presented, and a signaling equilibrium is derived and discussed. The nature of the welfare costs that emerge from the existence of informational asymmetry is also analyzed.     

The purchase of components: Functional areas of influence

The Webster and Wind model of organizational buyer behavior enjoys considerable popularity. However, not all of its constructs and relationships among constructs have been validated by empirical research. The purpose of this study was to provide empirical evidence concerning the relationships between three of the model's critical constructs: buying center membership, purchase situation, and purchase phase. The relationships studied were variations in the perceived relative influence of different functional areas (e.g., production, marketing, purchasing, etc.) across three purchase situations and four purchase phases. The results of the study clearly indicate that the functional areas are generally perceived to have varying amounts of influence across both the purchase situation and purchase phase. These results have specific implications for developing effective industrial marketing strategies.     

Social media and sustainable purchasing attitude: Role of trust in social media and environmental effectiveness

The role of social media in promoting sustainable attitudes is currently understudied. Underpinned by social learning theory, this study unveils the effect of social media usage and browsing on sustainable purchasing attitude, the underlying mechanism, and the boundary condition. Drawing on a sample of 693 experienced respondents analyzed using structural equation modeling, this study reveals that social media usage and browsing have a significant positive association. Both constructs significantly impact sustainable purchasing attitudes with complementary partial mediation of the drive for environmental responsibility. Further, trust in social media and perceived environmental effectiveness significantly moderate the relationships belongs to the browsing and drive for environmental responsibility. Contrary to the theorization, moderating constructs cannot substantially impact the proposed associations of social media usage. In this manner, the present research is innovative and provides valued knowledge to comprehend social media's role in encouraging sustainable attitudes.     

基于文献计量的我国创新驱动研究述评

基于中国期刊全文数据库和国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库,运用文献计量方法,对848篇创新驱动研究论文的研究特征和主题内容进行了总结分析,揭示了该主题领域的期刊与学科分布、核心作者群以及机构和区域分布。从研究主题来看,国内创新驱动理论成果划分为国家层面的宏观研究、产业和区域层面的中观研究、企业层面的微观研究3个层次。最后进行研究展望,认为创新驱动产业升级和经济发展的机理仍将是创新驱动系统的研究重点,基础研究和商业模式创新的驱动作用是重要衍生问题,科技金融和知识产权则是探讨的分域热点,创新驱动的绿色化和民主化将成为研究新趋向。     

一级方程式(F1)赛车产业创新及其动力机制研究

以熊彼特的创新理论为分析框架,全面地解构了F1赛车产业领域内的创新。F1赛车产业创新涉及产品创新、技术创新、市场创新、材料创新和制度创新5个方面,创新动因主要有竞争压力、重要知识激发、预期利润压力、赛车产业集群和规则的变动等。