Is it U.S. GAAP or IFRS? Understanding how R&D costs affect ratio analysis

While financial reporting standards under U.S. GAAP and IFRS are fundamentally similar, differences do exist that may affect our analysis of company financial statements. This is particularly true when comparing a U.S. company following U.S. GAAP to a firm that uses IFRS. To illustrate, we compare research and development (R&D) accounting methods under both sets of standards and illustrate how they affect the analysis of financial results of firms in a specific industry—automotive manufacturers. Our results provide insight into settings in which differences in R&D accounting may have the greatest impact on financial analysis.     

Differential reporting in Germany - A historical analysis

Based on a contingent perspective of accounting change, this paper reviews the historical development of differential reporting in Germany, by drawing on primary and secondary sources. The main objective of the paper is to shed light on the driving forces and main influential parameters that have shaped the existing differential reporting framework. This historical approach supplies interesting insights for the current discussion on differential reporting in Germany produced by the EU Regulation on the application of International Accounting Standards.     

我国产权制度的变迁及其趋势

我国私营经济是在传统的公有制经济的土壤中发展起来的,其发展必然与传统体制发生摩擦与冲突。本文总结了我国产权制度变革的路径,分析了影响私营经济可持续发展的产权制度障碍,根据我国产权制度改革的轨迹,预测了产权制度变迁的趋势和特征。     

汽车厂商的价格行为分析

企业家的价格策略必须要考虑企业竞争目标的选择、市场供需的变化和企业的成本，产品的成本为价格规定了最低限度，消费者对产品价值的评估和理解为价格规定了最高限度。     

普京时期俄罗斯经济政策的调整

近年来俄罗斯经济迅速复苏，引起了许多学者的广泛兴趣。有观点认为，这是1990年代实施激进式制度变迁的后期效应显现。本文不敢苟同，通过对俄罗斯制度变迁的整个历史演化的分析，采用比较制度分析的方法，说明了俄罗斯在1990年代移植西方市场经济正式制度的过程中遇到俄罗斯本土的非正式制度的严格约束，使得移植来的正式制度失灵。这一教训使得俄罗斯进入新世纪以后重新审视了俄罗斯自身的制度环境，把市场经济和民主制度与俄罗斯的现实结合起来，调整经济政策，加强国家的作用，确定了“可控的民主”和“可控的市场经济”模式，并取得了显著的成效。     

企业家与企业文化建设

企业家创造了企业积极向上的价值观、经营理念、管理文化、制度文化和行为文化。企业家通过调节、控制、角色示范、挑选员工、任用干部、分配报酬、借用“外脑”等途径和方法 ,传播和增强优秀企业文化。企业家面对环境的变化和知识经济的挑战 ,应把握好企业运行的方向 ,积极地变革企业文化 ,扬弃制约企业创新的行为惯性 ,再造全新的企业 ,从而增强企业文化的竞争优势。     

工程结算与合同管理

合同是工程结算阶段价款确定的重要依据.本文从合同管理的角度,说明了结算阶段,如何对合同条款及施工中进行的工程变更进行审核,做好工程结算工作,以提高投资的效益.     

中国金融制度变革的地区差异研究

由于经济增长与金融成长有极强的内生关联，中国东部与中西部经济发展的地带性差异决定了金融体系的分布格局和发展层次。从面上看，随着发达地区经济的发展和金融的深化，优势要素会由区域内向区域外扩散和辐射，在一定程度上改造落后地区的经济-金融因素，区域金融的发展空间得以扩展，从而逐步形成统一的金融市场。从点上看，民营经济的快速发展和民间金融对民营经济的内在性金融支持，决定了民间金融在金融体制变革和金融市场化过程中的重要地位。     

Bioenergy Crop Production in the United States: Potential Quantities, Land Use Changes, and Economic Impacts on the Agricultural Sector

The U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Energyjointly analyzed the economic potential for,and impacts of, large-scale bioenergy cropproduction in the United States. Anagricultural sector model (POLYSYS) wasmodified to include three potential bioenergycrops (switchgrass, hybrid poplar, and willow). At farmgate prices of US $2.44/GJ, anestimated 17 million hectares of bioenergycrops, annually yielding 171 million dry Mg ofbiomass, could potentially be produced at aprofit greater than existing agricultural usesfor the land. The estimate assumes highproductivity management practices are permittedon Conservation Reserve Program lands. Traditional crops prices are estimated toincrease 9 to 14 percent above baseline pricesand farm income increases annually by US $6.0billion above baseline.At farmgate prices of US $1.83/GJ, anestimated 7.9 million hectares of bioenergycrops, annually yielding 55 million dry Mg ofbiomass, could potentially be produced at aprofit greater than existing agricultural usesfor the land. The estimate assumes managementpractices intended to achieve highenvironmental benefits on Conservation ReserveProgram lands. Traditional crops prices areestimated to increase 4 to 9 percent abovebaseline prices and farm income increasesannually by US $2.8 billion above baseline.     

我国城市化发展与耕地变化的关系——对国内相关研究的综述

在我国，城市化发展与耕地变化之间的关系一直以来就是人们研究的热点问题，不少专家和学者从不同角度进行了深入的研究。本文对国内有关这一问题的研究做一个简要的综述，并认为目前的研究在内容上较为全面、方法上比较科学，但在城市化发展与耕地质量变化的关系以及城市化发展与耕地数量变动问一般规律的探索等方面还存在不足，需要进一步深入研究。