The effects of macroeconomic stability on foreign trade. An analysis for Spain, 1986–2000

Two main factors underlie the rebirth of interest in the study of the influence of the real exchange rate on trade, the reduction of its volatility and the current trend towards price stability. The objective of this study is to analyse the effects of the process of nominal convergence, required of the European member states for the fulfilment of monetary integration, on foreign trade flows. The case of Spain, which is especially interesting in this context, is studied for the period 1986 to 2000. The results of estimating the aggregate functions of the export and import of goods shows how macroeconomic stability has altered the behaviour of trade with respect to the two basic determinants – income and prices – how it has caused a significant structural change in the real exchange rate and, finally, how it has laid the explanatory bases for transactions in the twenty-first century with the single currency – the euro.     

The effect of industry classification on analyst following and the properties of their earnings forecasts

Using a comprehensive data set, we compare four broadly available industry classification schemes (Standard Industrial Classification (SIC), North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), Fama–French classification (FF) and Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS)) in their effectiveness to group analysts and their earnings forecast properties. We demonstrate the advantage of the GICS to be consistent across different forecasting properties and across different groups of firms. Our results suggest that GICS should be utilized in research designs, either in the primary analysis or as a necessary corroboration.