Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Mechanisms for controlling expenditure in the Spanish Royal Household, c.1561-c.18081

The purpose of this article is to examine the accounting and auditing in the Spanish Royal Household between 1561 and 1808. The Royal Household was the third most important item of expenditure that the State Treasury financed, after the Army and Navy and the National Debt. On studying spending control in the Royal Household, we have rejected the idea, often advanced by historiography, that there was no spending control within this institution. On the contrary, treasurers and accountants were only able to release funds for expenditure purposes on the basis of prior authorization. However, the efficiency of spending control was very limited due to technical, administrative and, above all, social and political elements.     

谈政府在民族地区特色产业孵化中的作用

发展少数民族地区的特色产业,是解决少数民族地区经济发展问题的有效途径,是解决我国民族问题的方法之一。我国少数民族地区特色产业作为一种相对较新的产业模式,仍然存在着许多亟待解决的问题。将企业孵化的模式引入少数民族特色产业中来,可以有效的解决特色产业发展初期面临的困难。本文以促成少数民族特色产业与企业孵化相结合为目的,从政府的角度出发,剖析了政府在民族地区特色产业孵化的过程中应起的作用,需扮演的角色以及要注意的问题。     

政府公共工程招投标腐败举报研究

政府公共工程招投标领域内,参与投标人为达到自身的某种目的常常采取行贿等非法手段。这种腐败违法行为不仅严重败坏了社会风气,且给政府公共工程建设带来极大破坏。消除这种行为,除了需要相应的监管部门付出很多努力外,与招投标违法举报人的举报积极性密切相关,举报人提供的线索在查处腐败案件中起关键的作用。充分发挥举报人的积极性,是查处腐败案件的重要突破口,也是做好工程建设预防寻租腐败等发生的重点和难点。该文从政府公共工程招投标腐败举报问题出发。从举报人是否属于当事人的角度进行分类,研究了它们的异同点,并对举报人与被举报人之间利益进行博弈分析,在此基础上提出了完善政府公共工程招投标腐败举报制度的途径。得出结论是,提高举报人积极性的努力方向有两条：其一是降低举报人的举报风险;此外就是增加举报人在举报活动中的预期收益。     

实施节能减排的地方政府行为研究

在我国由中央政府主导的节能减排模式下,地方政府的经济行为成为影响节能减排成效的关键因素。本文首先构建了理论模型,然后运用聚类分析法和因子分析法,研究地方政府在实施节能减排中的经济行为。研究表明:地方政府节能减排动力和能力不足。在实施节能减排过程中,地方政府主要将工作重点放在经济发展、工业污染治理项目建设、能源消耗、工业三废的治理等方面,对节能减排的投资力度和影响居民生活的方面重视不够。现行财权事权不对称的财政体制和政绩考核机制是地方政府实施节能减排的主要制度性障碍,因此,要建立节能减排的长效机制,必须进行相应的制度改革。     

Public or Private Sector Wage Leadership? An International Perspective*

Whether a government acts as a wage leader, placing pressure on private‐sector wages (more open to competition), or whether it plays a passive role and merely follows wage negotiations in the private sector, there are important implications for macroeconomic development, particularly in small open economies and/or countries that are members of a monetary union, such as those of the European Monetary Union. With the notable exception of the case of Sweden, opinion on this issue is still divided. In this paper, we look at public‐ and private‐sector wage interactions from an international perspective (18 OECD countries). We focus on the causal two‐way relationship between public and private wage setting, confirming that the private sector, on the whole, appears to have a stronger influence on the public sector, rather than vice versa. However, we also find evidence of feedback effects from public wage setting, which affect private‐sector wages in a number of countries. When the private sector takes the lead on wages, there are few feedback effects from the public sector, while public wage leadership is typically accompanied by private‐sector feedback effects.     

我国农村公共服务政策回顾与评价

我国现有农村公共服务政策是在特定的经济、政治、文化和国际环境背景下形成的.新世纪以来出台的一号文件及涉农决定凸显了政府提供农村公共服务的内涵,标志着全新的执政理念和政府职责的确立,其政策效果已经和正在发生巨大作用.但要构建一个适应社会主义市场经济体制要求的农村公共服务体系还有很长一段路要走.     

政府采购及其法律保障

政府采购制度有助于提高财政资金的使用效益,防止腐败,规范市场秩序,我国应予引进。对政府采购行为进行法律规范则是促进政府采购制度发展的重要步骤,建议颁布一部政府采购法。     

我国政府购买居家养老服务保障现状与问题思考

政府购买居家养老服务保障模式作为实现政府、市场和社会三位资源整合的新型养老方式是迎接人口老龄化到来的优势养老选择,在国外和港台地区已经获得迅速发展并建立了长效运行机制。相比而言,当前我国政府购买居家养老服务事业正处于起步阶段,虽然部分地区已进行了有益的实践探索和总结,但服务的购买方、供给方、需求方都还面临着诸多困境：服...