个人账户可继承性与计发月数内在关系的定量分析

计发月数是我国基本养老保险体系中个人账户的关键参数,本文通过构建包含继承份额的个人账户精算模型,修正了计发月数的计算公式,得到个人账户收支平衡的判别定理。研究表明,忽略可继承性会严重低估计发月数,并产生大量资金缺口;计发月数与期望寿命无直接关系;提高退休年龄不一定能增强支付能力;提高投资收益率,或降低计发月数并合理控制收支差额,是当前协调个人账户养老保障和财务支付能力的重要办法。     

基于Lee-Cater模型的养老保险个人账户缺口研究

鉴于个人账户计发月数未能体现持续的寿命延长,无论做实的个人账户还是处于空账状态的个人账户,个人账户的计发月数与实际支付月数的差异,都会使得实际支付远远超过个人账户实际或记账累积资金,同时账户资金的可继承性,将进一步扩大个人账户缺口。本文通过Lee-Ca-ter模型预测预期寿命的变化,研究死亡率改进对个人账户缺口的影响,以及死亡率和贴现率对个人账户缺口的共同作用。     

中国个人账户的支付能力研究

确保个人账户具有充足的支付能力,是我国养老保险制度具有可持续性的根本前提。本文通过构建我国个人账户的精算模型,改进了支付能力的计算方法。研究结果表明,现有方法将导致个人账户出现支付能力不足;使用国务院有关决定中的养老金计发办法,个人账户将出现严重的支付能力不足,在长期内不具有财务可持续性;若通过调整退休年龄等因素来提高支付能力,应全面分析它产生的影响,否则将适得其反。     

Delinquency and Default in Arms: The Effects of Protected Equity and Loss Aversion

This paper extends the extant literature in understanding the effects of equity and debt on delinquency and default by focusing on a variant of borrower equity where part of equity is “protected”. The CPF scheme in Singapore stipulates that the refund of borrower’s retirement funds utilized for property purchase prior to September 2002 takes priority over loan obligations. A decision to utilize CPF for property purchase actually increases ex post delinquency and default risk as it effectively reduces cash equity commitment. In particular, any erosion in house value that places protected equity at risk translates into potential wealth reduction or financial liability for the borrower. While loss aversion is evident for non-distressed sellers, the effect of equity losses for distressed borrowers is not as clear. Our research suggests that averting losses in committed equity may be a secondary consideration for borrower subject to income shocks, recognizing that delinquency and default are precursors to foreclosure. Interestingly, we find that the borrowers are strongly averse to incurring protected equity-induced wealth loss or financial liability. This study suggests that the first-lien “anomaly” associated with CPF refund may reduce delinquency and default risks for mortgage backed securities.

上海试点税收递延型保险产品的思考——基于美国IRA计划的经验

老龄化社会的问题给我国现行社保体系带来了严峻考验。文章通过介绍美国的传统IRA计划,分析目前我国社保体系存在的问题,并结合美国经验对上海试点税收递延型保险产品进行了探索。     

Fountain码编译码算法结构的改进

在LT码的基础上对Raptor码进行了分析。根据IRA码的结构及其线性时间的编译码特性,提出了Raptor码和IRA码相结合的改进Fountain码结构。研究结果表明,该结构既保持了线性的编译码特性又能有效增强信元的恢复能力。利用其它编码技术与Raptor码相结合是今后进一步的研究方向。     

中国个人账户养老金制度的协调机制研究

如何规划一种既能提供合理养老保障水平、又具有财务可持续性的个人账户养老金制度,已成为继"空账"之后急需解决的问题。本文通过构建具有可继承性的个人账户精算模型,发现当前个人账户制度无法使养老金水平与财务支付能力达到协调。为此,本文在不违背产权私有性和正向激励原则的前提下,通过调整养老金增长率参照系和继承方式对当前个人账户制度进行了改进。实证分析表明,改进模型不仅提高了养老保障水平,而且更具协调性、稳健性和可操作性。