The Depositor Behind the Discipline: A Micro-Level Case Study of Hamilton Bank

Though uninsured depositors are recognized as a source of market discipline, the possible disciplinary effect of decisions made by fully insured depositors have gone largely unexamined. Using proprietary administrative deposit data at the account level, this paper analyzes depositor behavior at a recently failed institution. The results suggest that although uninsured deposits exited at a greater rate than insured deposits, the vast majority of deposits withdrawn were fully insured. Among types of deposit accounts, the rates of withdrawal for fully insured individual, joint, and trust accounts were relatively high. Uninsured business account owners were highly sensitive to the bank's deteriorating condition. In contrast, owners of uninsured individual retirement accounts effectively exerted no market discipline. The opinions expressed in this paper are ours and do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. All errors are our own.     

被保险人自杀索赔问题的中美法律比较——解析新《保险法》第四十四条

各国保险法通常规定,人身保险合同的被保险人在合同成立或复效后的一段时间内自杀,保险人不承担赔偿保险金的责任。但该规定涉及三个争议点,即:被保险人死亡原因的举证责任分配;死亡原因的举证责任标准;自杀如是在精神疾病的控制下,保险人是否应该赔付。美国的处理方法是:人寿保险由保险人承担自杀的举证责任,意外伤害保险先由受益人证明被保险人死于意外,再由保险人承担证明自杀的举证责任。但死亡原因的证明标准各州不同,以适用优势证据原则为主,兼有适用排除合理疑问原则。当自杀是在精神疾病的控制下所为时,绝大多数州都依据现行的保单条款允许保险人拒赔,只有少数州在确认该精神疾病已使死者丧失辨别能力时要求保险人赔付。我国在2009年2月28日保险法修订前,对该问题的规定较为滞后,但在修改后有了很大提高,对该问题设定了较为妥帖的法律规范,为日后进一步完善奠定了坚实的基础。     

日本的医疗保险制度及其经济学分析

本文首先对日本的医疗保险制度做了一个较为详细的介绍,它包括医疗保险的种类、保险者、被保险者、保险金、医疗待遇等基本问题。然后分析了日本的医疗保险制度的运行对日本的经济产生的影响,对普通劳动者收入产生的影响。