非经常性损益对沪市上市公司财务业绩影响研究

文章通过非经常性损益、各非经常性损益项目对上市公司财务的整体影响以及对各非经常性损益项目对公司财务业绩的具体影响三个层次的分析,发现上市公司通过主营业务经营所获得的收益仍然是构成2003年财务业绩的主要来源,并且有继续向好的趋势;其整体业绩并未因非经常性损益的原因而导致质量低下。但同时数据也表明,部分上市公司利用各非经常性损益项目进行利润调节的现象仍然较为严重,对微利公司和 T族公司尤为如此。文章也对非经常性损益项目的构成进行了分析,揭示出了2003年度上市公司利用非经常性损益来调节利润的主要手段。此外,文章对目前有关部门对非经济性损益的相关规定进行了剖析,揭示出其存在的不足之处,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

论债务重组及其会计处理

现阶段,债权、债务纠纷已成为困扰我国企业发展的一大障碍.债务重组是解决债权人和债务人之问债权、债务关系的主要手段.债务重组是指在债务人发生财务困难的条件下,债权人按照其与债务人达成的协议或法院裁定作出"让步"的事项.文章分析了债务重组的特征和基本方式,并举例阐述了债务重组对债权人、债务人双方财务的影响.     

Information Content of Earnings and Earnings Components of Commercial Banks: Impact of SFAS No. 115

SFAS No. 115 modified classification of debt and equity securities held by firms and also modified the reporting format for unrealised gains/losses on security transactions (URGL). This study investigates whether implementation of SFAS No. 115 improved information content of earnings and earnings components of commercial banks. Improvement in the information content is measured by comparing the association between equity returns and earnings and earnings components of the post-adoption period of SFAS No. 115 with the pre-adoption period.The test results indicate that the association of equity returns with earnings components and aggregate earnings is significantly stronger in the post-adoption period compared to the pre-adoption period. The improvement is especially evident for the components of URGL and non-interest revenues. These results suggest that information provided by earnings components is considered more value relevant for investment decision after implementation of SFAS No. 115. Findings on non-interest revenues indicate that revenues from banking activities other than lending also play an important role in the commercial banks' profitability.     

Do central banks lose on foreign-exchange intervention? A review article

Estimates of central bank intervention losses or profits vary widely; some estimates find substantial losses, others profits. In most cases, estimated profits are not risk-adjusted, and risk adjustment can have large effects. Furthermore, profit estimates involve variables integrated of order one, and because of this test-statistics may have nonstandard distributions; few studies take this into account. Estimates of risk-adjusted profits for the US Fed and the Swedish Riksbank, with allowances for possible nonstandard distributions, suggest that neither made losses and might have made significant profits.     

Why is credit-to-GDP a good measure for setting countercyclical capital buffers?

We examine banks’ loan losses in Europe in 1982–2012 using a nonlinear three-factor model that takes into account output growth, real interest rate, and the ratio of private credit to GDP relative to its trend (i.e., “excessive indebtedness”). We find that a drop in output has an intensified impact on loan losses if the private sector is excessively indebted. Because increased bank credit risk should be matched with higher bank capital, the result motivates the Basel III's countercyclical capital buffers as a function of private indebtedness relative to its trend. The result also helps to explain differences in the amount of loan losses in different recessions across time and across countries. The model also indicates that low interest rates during the recent recession have clearly mitigated loan losses.     

Multinational enterprises’ risk mitigation strategies in emerging markets: A political coalition perspective

This paper contributes to the IB literature by investigating MNEs’ risk mitigation strategies in emerging markets. Drawing on institutional perspectives and March’s theoretical concept of forming a ‘political coalition’, we propose that risk mitigation cannot be limited to passive compliance and/or demonstrating good corporate behavior, but should extend to collective efforts by building a political coalition and working with key stakeholders to manage potential risk and obtain favorable outcomes in complex institutional environments. In considering MNEs in contemporary China and India, we offer different types of risk mitigation strategies under various institutional contexts and a framework for future research.     

Official FX interventions through derivatives

We use high-frequency data to study the effects of currency swap auctions carried out by the Brazilian Central Bank on the USDBRL exchange rate. We find that official currency swap auctions impact the exchange rate in a significant way, even though they do not directly alter the supply of foreign currency in the market. We show that during our sample period auctions of contracts in which the Central Bank took a short position in USD had larger effects than those in which the Central Bank took a long position. The supply of currency swaps to the market provides an alternative for traders that demand foreign currency for financial (speculative or hedging) rather than transactional reasons, and thus affects the demand for foreign currency and its price. This mechanism is likely to be particularly relevant when forecasters extrapolate exchange rate trends at short-term horizons.     

Currency intervention and the global portfolio balance effect: Japanese lessons

This paper extends the analysis of Bernanke et al. (2004) to show that the official Japanese purchases of foreign exchange in 2003–04 seem to have lowered long-term interest rates not only in the United States, but in a wide range of countries, including Japan. It seems that this decline was triggered by the investment of the intervention proceeds in US bonds and that global portfolio rebalancing spread the resulting decline in US dollar yields to bond markets in other currencies, thus easing global monetary conditions. We also show that the global portfolio balance effect is detectable in the response of yields to large Japanese intervention in data before and after 2003/04, though the effect is weaker. While our findings contribute to a growing body of work that points to common responses across bond markets to official portfolio shifts in the form of large-scale bond purchases (“quantitative easing”), our analysis has the advantage of focusing on a pure portfolio shock.     

后危机时代政府干预与银行信贷—基于国有经济视角

本文利用我国2007-2016年的省级面板数据,对后危机时代政府干预与银行信贷以 及不良贷款率进行了实证研究。本文发现：地方政府干预显著带来地区信贷增长以及不良贷款 率下降;地方政府通过对国有经济进行干预,可以显著带来地区信贷增长,但对降低地区不良 贷款率不显著。进一步研究发现：东部地区政府干预有助于提高地区信贷增长并降低不良贷款 率;西部地区政府通过干预国有经济能带来地区信贷增长;无论是东部、中部还是西部,政府 通过对国有经济的干预降低地区不良贷款率均不会产生太大效果。     

论中国政府干预股票市场的法律体系构建

当下,我国政府在干预股票市场的过程中起到积极作用的同时,其不可避免的缺陷也凸现出来,如何在法律的框架下规制政府行为,克服其缺陷将对我国股票市场平稳健康的发展起到举足轻重的作用.本文通过在宏观层面对政府权力干预股票市场的宏现法律体系的设计,在微观层面完善信息披露制度和操作层面制度实施保障机制的构建,以避免中国政府干预股票市场的缺陷,以保障股票市场高效、安全、健康和稳定地发展.