Progressive stress accelerated life tests under finite mixture models

In this paper, progressive stress accelerated life tests are considered when the lifetime of a product under use condition follows a finite mixture of distributions. The experiment is performed when each of the components in the mixture follows a general class of distributions which includes, among others, the Weibull, compound Weibull, power function, Gompertz and compound Gompertz distributions. It is assumed that the scale parameter of each component satisfies the inverse power low, the progressive stress is directly proportional to time and the cumulative exposure model for the effect of changing stress holds. Based on type-I censoring, the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the parameters under consideration are obtained. A special attention is paid to a mixture of two Rayleigh components. Simulation results are carried out to study the precision of the MLEs and to obtain confidence intervals for the parameters involved.     

教育、闲暇与经济增长--理论模型与经验分析

本文把消费者时间分为工作时间、教育时间、闲暇时间,重点扩展了闲暇时间对人力资本积累的作用和技术进步的外部性,将闲暇时间和教育时间同时引入经济增长模型中,分析了两种时间对经济增长的影响。随后又进行了实证研究,结果表明：我国教育时间（即人力资本投资）对中国经济增长有很大的拉动作用,同时,积极健康的闲暇活动能够促进经济增长。但是由于我国处于工业化阶段,对闲暇的偏好还很低,总体上闲暇时间对我国经济增长有微弱的抑制作用。因此,合理安排闲暇活动和正规教育活动对我国经济增长有重要意义。     

Models for stock returns

Historically, the normal variance model has been used to describe stock return distributions. This model is based on taking the conditional stock return distribution to be normal with its variance itself being a random variable. The form of the actual stock return distribution will depend on the distribution for the variance. In practice, the distributions chosen for the variance appear to be very limited. In this note, we derive a comprehensive collection of formulas for the actual stock return distribution, covering some sixteen flexible families. The corresponding estimation procedures are derived by the method of moments and the method of maximum likelihood. We feel that this work could serve as a useful reference and lead to improved modelling with respect to stock market returns.     

教育、闲暇与经济增长--理论模型与实证研究

本文通过把消费者时间分为工作时间、教育时间、闲暇时间,重点扩展了闲暇时间对人力资本积累作用和技术进步的外部性,将闲暇时间和教育时间同时引入经济增长模型中分析了两种时间对经济增长的影响和最优平衡增长路径.随后进行了实证研究,结果表明:我国教育时间(即人力资本投资)对中国经济增长有很大的拉动作用,同时,积极健康的闲暇活动能够促进经济增长,但是由于我国处于工业化阶段,对闲暇的偏好还很低,总体上闲暇时间对我国经济增长有微弱的抑制作用.因此,合理安排闲暇活动和正规教育活动对我国经济增长有重要意义.     

Central bank interventions and jumps in double long memory models of daily exchange rates

In this paper, we estimate ARFIMA–FIGARCH models for the major exchange rates (against the US dollar) which have been subject to direct central bank interventions in the last decades. We show that the normality assumption is not adequate due to the occurrence of volatility outliers and its rejection is related to these interventions. Consequently, we rely on a normal mixture distribution that allows for endogenously determined jumps in the process governing the exchange rate dynamics. This distribution performs rather well and is found to be important for the estimation of the persistence of volatility shocks. Introducing a time-varying jump probability associated to central bank interventions, we find that the central bank interventions, conducted in either a coordinated or unilateral way, induce a jump in the process and tend to increase exchange rate volatility.     

The Emergence of Proto-Institutions in the New Normal Business Landscape: Dialectic Institutional Work and the Dutch Drone Industry

In the current business landscape, in which technology-enabled entrepreneurship is part of the New Normal, regulatory institutional structures are in constant flux. Previous studies have framed the challenges facing entrepreneurs in mature organizational fields as avoiding the power of overbearing regulators long enough to establish the legitimacy of their ventures. In fields typified by New Normal conditions, however, regulatory frameworks for evaluating new technology-enabled ventures are often still lacking. Regulators may choose to actively reach out to entrepreneurs to arrive at a better understanding of the radical technological changes and high-frequency entrepreneurial behavioural adaptations that occur in these settings. To grasp how novel regulatory institutional structures come about in the New Normal business landscape, we conducted a processual study of the emergence of a new technology that is the Dutch remotely piloted aircraft systems (drone) industry between 2000 and 2018. Our findings show that regulatory proto-institutions result from dialectic institutional work in the form of structured interactions between entrepreneurs and regulators. Specifically, we present a process model that reveals how new regulatory structures evolve in contexts where high levels of technological and behavioural change induce systemic uncertainty, and enlarge the interdependence between entrepreneurs and regulators. We suggest that our process theory of proto-institutional emergence generalizes towards other organizational fields in which technology-enabled entrepreneurship has become the main driver of growth. Theoretically, our findings speak to the literatures on institutional work, proto-institutional emergence, and the New Normal business landscape.     

试论应对国外反倾销的会计策略

我国已连续多年成为世界反倾销的目标国,而且在反倾销诉讼案中胜诉率不高,这其中有法律、国际贸易等方面的因素,但在应对反倾销诉讼中没有充分发挥会计应有的作用是其重要原因。本文在阐述倾销的涵义、认定标准和欧美国家对市场经济地位认定的基础上,从规避反倾销起诉和应对反倾销调查方面,提出会计对策为反倾销提供支持。     

对新疆师范大学留学生健身消费行为现状的调查与分析

本文运用文献资料法,问卷调查法,数理统计等调查方法,通过对新师范大学留学生健身消费行为进行调查与分析,研究新疆师范大学留学生健身消费行为的现状及影响留学生健身消费的因素,为更加完善留学生的付费健身以及健身意识的形成提供理论依据和参考。     

美国大豆倾销中国的实证分析

本文通过对中美两国大豆生产成本、收益、补贴和市场价格的详细分析和比较,并参照巴西大豆的相关数据,实证分析了美国大豆以低于"正常价值"倾销中国的事实。这种倾销给中国大豆产业造成了伤害,却惠及了美国大豆产业。随着美国大豆出口量的不断扩大,国际市场大豆价格出现上涨趋势,美国大豆生产者的成本利润率显著增加,美国大豆加工企业在中国的市场份额不断提高,这种倾销方式更倾向于掠夺性倾销。本文建议向美国大豆征收反倾销税,同时采取加大对国内农业基础设施投入等一系列措施,以避免其他农产品陷入与大豆同样的被动局面。