英国公共部门PFL制度创新以及启示

公共部门的民间介入,低成本高质量的公共产品供给体系——PFI(Private FinanceInitiative)是英国公共部门改革的制度创新。本文从三个方面考察PFI激励机制:(1)风险分担机制——风险的民间转移;(2)作业适应性支付体系——说明责任,重视结果的监督机制;(3)促进民间企业竞争——抑制膨胀的民间利润。英国公共部门PFI制度创新,新政治经济学思想给予了巨大的理论支持。PFI对中国公共部门改革有其重要的借鉴意义。     

Trends in British public investment

British public investment has declined sharply both as a share of GDP and as a share of government spending since the 1970s. Only part of this decline is explained by privatisation, which transferred some public investment to the private sector. More important was the very large and permanent reduction in public house‐building between the mid‐1970s and the early 1980s. Between the late 1980s and the early 1990s, the rate of public investment recovered somewhat, but after that time it declined again, reaching a record low in 1999. The most recent decline in public investment has affected a range of central government programmes, and it has not been significantly offset by investment under the Private Finance Initiative. The government now plans to increase investment spending, although levels look set to remain low by historical standards for some time to come.     

PFI模式与基础设施供给

传统观念认为 ,基础设施服务的供给是政府一个很重要的职能。但是近年来 ,随着实践和理论的发展 ,这种观念开始发生变化。人们开始探索新的基础设施服务供给模式并取得了良好的效果 ,PFI模式主是其中最具代表性的一种。对目前基础设施服务供给的现行模式进行了分析 ,并阐述了英国用以解决基础设施服务供应所采用FPI模式。提出了借鉴英国PFI模式发展我国基础设施产业的政策建议。     

(De)Politicization Dynamics in Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs): Lessons from a comparison between UK and Flemish PPP policy

This article analyses the (de)politicization dynamics in complex and technical matters like public–private partnerships, which is necessary given its social impact and budgetary consequences for the years and generations to come. The global financial crisis provides an excellent window of opportunity to present this argument, because PPP policy needs to reinvent itself. We argue that PPP policy needs to be (re)politicized at the broader societal and discursive levels, which means that their public nature is recognized and that policy alternatives are debated in the public forums. The ‘Private Finance Initiative’ reassessment process in the UK may serve as an example.     

PF2融资模式及在中国的应用前景

日前,中国正在大力推行公私合作模式（PPP模式）,鼓励私营企业与政府进行合作,参与公共基础设施的建设。而英国则对PPP模式中的私人主动融资模式（PFI模式）进行了一系列改革,推出了PF2模式。 PF2模式在保留了PFI模式原有优势的基础上,弥补了PFI模式在采购、运营、财务公开、风险分担等方面的不足。中国当前的环境为PF2模式的应用已提供了相应的有利条件,但在相关法律法规建设、管理、财务信息等方面仍需继续完善。     

我国基础设施建设推行PFI模式的影响因素分析及发展对策研究

本文从我国基础设施建设中推行PFI的影响因素角度，分析了PFI在我国基础设施建设中的推广和应用问题，并提出了促进我国PFI项目的发展对策。     

PFIs involving multiple public partners: a case study from the Italian healthcare sector

The financial crisis experienced by many countries since 2008 has given new importance to private finance initiatives (PFIs) for providing public services. This paper analyses the relationships between multiple public and private sector actors participating in a PFI in the healthcare sector in order to better understand the motives and behaviour of public and private sector partners. High levels of trust and the active participation of a regulatory body were found to be significant factors in terms of creating a partnership that benefits all sides.     

英国PPP/PFI项目融资法律的演进及其对中国的借鉴意义

近年来,中国PPP项目进入爆发式增长期,PPP项目实施中出现的问题引起了理论界和实务界对PPP法律问题的关注。PPP项目融资是有别于传统抵押融资、担保融资的新型融资模式。本文以英国PPP/PFI项目融资法律和相关政策的发展、演进为视角,重点关注其中的融资法律问题,进而为中国完善PPP立法提出意见和建议。     

基于多视角的PFI项目风险评估研究

PFI（Private Finance Initiative）是目前发达国家广泛推行的一种新的民营资本参与公共投资的项目建设管理模式。政府在确定PFI项目的时候,需要考虑众多因素,从不同角度客观论证项目的可行性。这其中,项目的风险是PFI项目决策时必须考虑的问题。PFI项目相对于传统公共项目而言,风险体系的建立、风险评估的方法都会有其特殊性。同样的风险对于不同的主体会产生不同的影响。本文建立了PFI项目的风险评估指标体系,并且在利益相关者分析的基础上,综合三大主要利益相关者——政府公共部门、SPC、使用者（公众）的群体意见,运用基于格栅获取的模糊Borda数方法实现了PFI项目风险的多视角评估。对多个备选PFI项目中进行多视角评估,可实现项目决策的优先排序;对单一项目进行多视角评估,可反映项目的风险水平;最后通过算例验证该方法的可行性、有效性和实用性。PFI模式在我国适逢良好的发展机遇,相关的理论研究正成为热点,风险管理就是其中的一大方面,对此所作的探讨是必须且有意义的。     

PPPs: THE PASSAGE OF TIME PERMITS A SOBER REFLECTION

This paper argues that evaluations of public–private partnerships thus far point to contradictory results regarding their effectiveness and value-for-money. Despite continuing political popularity, greater care is needed to strengthen future evaluations and conduct such assessments away from the policy cheerleaders.