Wage protection systems, segregation and gender pay inequalities: West Germany, the Netherlands and Great Britain

This paper provides an empirical test of Rubery and Fagan's(1995) hypothesis that gender inequalities are influenced primarilyby the comprehensiveness of the overall wage protection systemin a country and by the extent of gender segregation. Genderdiscrimination in earnings is compared in West Germany, theNetherlands and Great Britain using 1989 ISSP data. Human capitalearnings functions for married males and married females areestimated. Discrimination is measured using standard decompositiontechniques. Earnings discrimination against females in the morecomprehensive systems was 37% in West Germany and 39% in theNetherlands, much less than the 61% found for the less comprehensivelyregulated Great Britain, the latter figure being higher thanprevious estimates using earlier data. Gender segregation isdemonstrated to have contributed to the relative magnitude ofdiscrimination in Great Britain.     

浅析Apple Pay在华发展阻碍及其未来使用场景探究

近日,苹果公司推出Apple Pay夏日促销补贴活动,但其收效甚微。自Apple Pay进入中国以来,已有近一年半的工夫,而各种原因导致其在第三方移动支付市场中所占份额连1%都未到。但从最近苹果公司对Apple Pay的推广举措可以看出,Apple Pay正在探寻发展城市交通服务的消费使用场景。     

The problem with pay flexibility: changing pay practices in the UK health sector

This paper critically assesses models and policies of pay flexibility as applied to the public sector. Examination of the arguments for greater pay flexibility across three dimensions - external labour market flexibility, organizational flexibility, and macroeconomic flexibility - reveals a number of weaknesses, rooted in a failure to problematize the conflicting motives for greater pay flexibility in the context of pressures internal and external to the organization. An alternative 'model' of changing pay systems is developed and applied to the case of the UK health sector where there have been attempts to introduce various forms of flexible local pay arrangements. Drawing on interviews conducted during the mid-1990s with personnel and HRM managers at fifteen NHS Trusts, a number of issues are examined, such as: the impact of differential external labour market conditions of workers on the development of strategies designed to tie local pay to improved performance; the introduction of performance-related pay as a means to institutionalize wider earnings differentials within the organization; and the potential conflict between pressures to link local pay structures with local labour market conditions, on the one hand, and customary employee-held norms that link pay to occupational skills and professional status, on the other.     

中外“助学贷款”对比研究

助学贷款业务在国外开展已久 ,而在我国由金融机构经营管理的国家助学贷款和经营性助学贷款业务才刚开始试点 ,暴露出种种不足与差距。文章通过对中外助学贷款的比较 ,特别是补贴、担保和还贷机制的比较研究 ,提出完善我国助学贷款机制的建议。     

高校实行绩效工资制度存在的问题与对策

绩效工资是一把＂双刃剑＂,用得好能大大提高管理效益,用得不好又会制造新的麻烦与障碍。本文分析了高校实行绩效工资制度的优势和负面影响,并对进一步完善高校绩效工资制度提出了对策和建议。     

网络商品价格搜寻与实证分析

本文以实证的方式研究了网络商品的价格离散程度,证明了由于互联网使信息在市场中呈现均衡分布,成本与价格的透明度被提高,从而网上商品价格也趋于收敛。在完全信息市场上,当信息获取成本极低或为零时,交易者反而减少了从事信息收集的积极性,信息搜寻者的搜寻周期和次数都将减少,决策的速度从而可以加快。网上信息搜寻沿着特定的路径进行,搜寻成本已不再是信息搜寻中最主要的影响因素,市场的成熟情况、网络的传输率等将成为搜寻原则中新的内容。     

基于分形理论的特大城市新型产业空间发展演变研究——以广州商务办公空间为例

本文借助分形理论和集中指数测算,从街道和均一分析单元两种空间尺度对广州办公业空间集中与分散的演变趋势进行了定量研究。研究结果表明,无论是在街道还是在均一分析单元层面,广州商务办公空间的空间分维值呈逐渐上升趋势,广州商务办公空间的集中程度逐年降低,办公空间的空间垄断性已不明显,空间分散化趋势得到了确立。但集中指数仍然处于较高的水平,表明广州商务办公空间虽然出现了分散的态势,但总体上仍然处于集中阶段。     

Recentralization as an Alternative to Urban Dispersion: Transformative Planning in a Neoliberal Societal Context

Growing dissatisfaction with the prevailing dispersed urban form and its generalized reliance on the automobile has resulted in the formulation of planning models seeking to substitute dispersed development with recentralization. A survey of 301 planning documents with a metropolitan focus, originating from the 58 US and Canadian urban regions with a population exceeding one million, reveals widespread support for urban recentralization. But interviews with 55 planners, involved in the preparation of these plans and/or the implementation of their proposals, highlight actual and foreseen barriers to the implementation of recentralization strategies. The article interprets the popularity of recentralization in planning documents as the outcome of planners' attempts to reconcile their commitment to sustainable development with societal factors affecting planning possibilities. Still, we anticipate serious problems in achieving large‐scale recentralization due to urban development path dependencies emanating from the prevailing urban form and dynamics, institutional structures, and from the limited urban transformative potential afforded by neoliberalism.