Understanding MNEs׳ decline in the adoption of locally developed technology standard in China: A positioning and cognitive perspective

Asian countries are becoming more and more active in participating technology standard development. In this paper we study the impact of this change on multinational enterprises (MNEs) using the case of TD-SCDMA, an international technology standard of 3G mobile communications. During the development of this technology standard, MNEs׳ market share dropped dramatically. A major contribution of this study is analyzing the underlying mechanism governing MNEs׳ interpreting TD-SCDMA as a threat rather than an opportunity by integrating two streams of literature. We also discuss the possible strategies for MNEs to maintain their market leadership position when local firms are able to lead international technology standard development.     

论古镇旅游形象定位及其提升——以四川罗城古镇旅游目的地为例

旅游形象已成为旅游研究和开发的新领域,旅游形象的定位和提升对旅游目的地的规划与开发具有十分重要的意义。随着古镇旅游热潮的掀起,针对特色古镇的旅游形象定位和提升势在必行。罗城古镇因其独特的船形街建筑布局而扬名海内外,但其旅游形象需要在游客头脑中创造性的明确定位,并不断获得提升。     

Market Positioning of Differentiated Products

A brand is a mean of product differentiation and a kind of a sign by which we can distinguish one commodity from another. Consumers' utility, as well as commodity prices are affected by brands. Therefore, the market positioning of branded products is important for firms, too, since it affects profits. This paper presents a theoretical framework that incorporates aspects of brand in microeconomic analysis and the tools for an effective market positioning of differentiated products. A case study illustrates the workings of the methodology; the application evaluates the quality of major tyres producers and undertakes their market positioning.     

抗干扰通信/定位系统用户端机的数字实现

本文介绍了一种抗干扰通信／定位系统端机中频单元的原理与实现。该端机可以同时实现数据通信和测距，并且有较好的灵活性和通用性。文中给出了硬件框图和部分软件流程。     

STARFIX定位系统简介

本文简述了美国新近研制的一种卫星定位系统STARFIX的工作原理、系统组成、优缺点以及使用场合,并与美国现有的和将来使用的其他几种定位系统作了比较。文章给出了系统原理图、分系统方框图和性能比较表。     

基于主成分分析法的城市物流战略定位研究

为使城市物流的发展在区域物流规划定位中更加科学与客观,在分析区域物流定位影响因素的基础上,提出主成分分析方法的区域物流定位数学模型,并对模型进行了实证分析。在进行城市物流战略定位时,根据主成分分析的降维思想可以把较多的评价指标转化为几个综合指标,从而确定出最有利于物流发展的城市,为科学决策提供参考。     

企业差异化优势的构建组合及应用

本文以迈克尔·波特的差异化战略理论为基础,沿着市场景框和整体产品两个维度,探讨了差异化优势构建的组合,提出了应用差异化优势组合需要把握差异化“度”和持续性。     

关于企业管理者的定位讨论

管理者对现代企业发展的重要性不言自明,然而更多与此相关的研究表明,高效的企业需要的不是更多的管理者,而是如何寻找更恰当的管理者。     

Geodemographic and socioeconomic characterization of the retail attraction of leading hypermarket chains in Spain

This paper aims at examining the impact on demand of the competitive positioning strategies developed by the leading hypermarket chains in Spain. Specifically, the purpose is to carry out a geodemographic and socieconomic characterization of the potential consumers of each chain. As retail attraction has traditionally been divided into three components, distance, mass and image, a gravitational model is proposed which distinguishes them and facilitates the evaluation of existing differences across any a priori segmentation base. The empirical test identifies significant geodemographic differences in the retail attraction of hypermarket chains. Chains seem to target the whole market by developing an image balanced against the advantages and disadvantages derived from the spatial coverage strategy. Social class is not as good an indicator of hypermarket choice as expected, although some interesting patterns have been detected.     

How category characteristics affect the number of store brands offered by the retailer: a model and empirical analysis

Our research examines why retailers offer, not one, but multiple store brands in some product categories. More specifically, we are interested in how certain product category characteristics affect the number of store brands. We model a product category consisting of two incumbent national brands that may differ in strength. The retailer may introduce one or two store brands depending on which maximizes category profits. Our analysis suggests that the retailer is likely to carry two store brands in categories where (i) the national brands are similar in strength; and (ii) the price sensitivity between the national brands is low. Interestingly, the conditions that support the introduction of more than one store brand are quite different than the conditions that would facilitate the introduction of additional national brands. We provide empirical evidence that support our model-based predictions.