Machine learning for financial transaction classification across companies using character-level word embeddings of text fields

An important initial step in accounting is mapping financial transfers to the corresponding accounts. We devised machine-learning-based systems that automate this process. They use word embeddings with character-level features to process transaction texts. When considering 473 companies independently, our approach achieved an average top-1 accuracy of 80.50%, outperforming baselines that exclude the transaction texts or rely on a lexical bag-of-words text representation. We extended the approach to generalizes across companies and even across different corporate sectors. After standardization of the account structures and careful feature engineering, a single classifier trained on 44 companies from 28 sectors achieved a test accuracy of more than 80%. When trained on 43 companies and tested on the remaining one, the system achieved an average performance of 64.62%. This rate increased to nearly 70% when considering only the largest sector.     

上市公司利润操纵的经济动机

政府的每一次政策出台都为企业带来了新的生机与动力,但同时也诱导着一些企业进行着利润操 纵,我们应该看到,中国股票市场走过的10年道路中,规范与反规范的争斗从来没有停止过,正是由于 这样,促使我国证券市场不断发展。     

信任:基于市场利益协调机制的考察

从市场利益协调机制的角度出发,认为信任是交易中市场主体利益互动的产物,并根据利益协调机制的不同,将市场交易中的信任划分为个别信任与社会信任;进一步考察了社会信任机制的功能,提出塑造社会信任机制的具体措施。     

中外关联方会计准则比较研究

本文主要对我国《企业会计准则——关联方关系及其交易的披露》进行简要的分析与评价,并进行了国际比较,对其存在的优势与不足提出看法和建议。     

公共产品供给主体及边界确定的交易费用经济学分析——兼论我国公共产品供给过程中交易费用的计量

将新制度经济学中交易费用理论引入公共产品供给分析,给出了供给公共产品的主体确定的理论模型,并在威廉姆森范式扩展的基础上得出了各个主体的边界,认为最优公共产品供给方式的选择和主体边界的确定,取决于公共产品供给过程中发生的交易费用.测算了中国公私部门供给公共产品过程中存在的交易费用,发现就我国公共产品的供给而言,在一定的条件下将公共产品供给由政府部门交给私人部门与第三部门可以节约交易费用,提高公共产品供给的效率.     

How local leaders matter: Inter-provincial leadership transfers and land transactions in China

We study how local leaders matter for economic growth by examining the impacts of exogenous transfers of leaders across China’s provinces on land transactions in the primary market. We find that new provincial leaders attract investment in industrial land from the provinces of their previous positions. The leaders’ impacts are greater when their freedom to deploy their business connections in the land market is greater. More importantly, we find evidence of positive impacts of land transactions on economic growth, which should bode well for the careers of the local leaders, albeit there is some evidence of rent seeking among officials especially when they are too old for further promotion.     

寿险公司盈余管理研究——基于业务特性驱动视角

寿险公司业务经营具有跨期均衡性、资金融通性、偿付能力充足性三大特性。受业务特性驱动,寿险公司盈余管理策略具有独特性,这些策略主要包括再保险交易、保险准备金提取、金融资产分类和计量。合理适度的盈余管理有利于维护寿险公司和保险市场的稳定发展。     

国际关联方交易内部结转价格的所得税税收和会计策略

国际关联方交易的内部结转价格是指跨国公司内部各个实体之间销售产品或者提供劳务所使用的一种内部划拨价格。跨国公司利用内部结转价格可以达到缴纳最少所得税等目的,国际上为了有效地对跨国公司国际关联方交易的内部结转价格在所得税方面进行税务和会计监督,执行着＂局外价格＂、＂比较价格＂和要求跨国公司揭示更多的财务信息的三种方法。文章认为,无论哪种方法都存在缺乏在世界范围内的统一规范、统一运作和统一监督的问题,应该成立一个由经济专家、会计专家和税务官员组成的全世界范围内的协会或组织予以协调。在我国应该结合具体国情选择相应的方法,并逐步向＂局外价格＂和＂比较价格＂过渡。     

The Diaries of a Cabinet Minister,Volume One,Minister of Housing 1964–66

While John R. Commons often referred to third sector organizations, such as associations, cooperatives, and trade unions, it is unclear how these organizations can be fitted into his transactional typology. This paper clarifies this problem by identifying two dimensions of bargaining, managerial, and rationing transactions: 1) the extent of legal equality of transactional participants, and 2) the extent of commonness of these participants' transactional interests. These dimensions enable defining the identity of the third sector in terms of a distinct variety of rationing transactions combining legal equality of transactional participants with significant commonness of their interests. The paper further explores several implications of this argument for new institutional economics, concerning the citizenship aspect of markets and hierarchies and the possibility of viewing third sector organizations as hybrids between markets and hierarchies. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for further research.     

碳金融交易金融支持路径选择——建立地方性碳金融政策性银行

低碳经济是当前全世界关注的话题.我国发展低碳经济也十分必要和紧迫,但同时也面临着能源结构以煤为主,技术相对落后的局面.在低碳经济引发碳金融市场迅速发展的过程中,政策性银行的作用应该得到发挥,特别是在上海建设国际金融中心的过程中,可以尝试建立地方性碳金融政策性银行.文章从建立碳金融政策性银行的理论依据入手,即碳减排产品的公共特征和外部特征,政策性银行的政策性和银行性两大特点,分析了建立地方性碳金融政策性银行在理论上有依据,政策层面上有支持,以及技术层面上的可行性.从而得出了应该抓住机遇,尝试性建立地方性碳金融政策性银行,促进我国的碳减排的结论.