价值工程在加氢反应器筒节锻造中的应用

运用价值工程原理， 改进曾获国家科技进步一等奖的锻焊结构加氢反应器的筒节锻造工艺， 创新后的筒节锻造工艺又应用在其他两台类似的加氢反应器上，总计降低生产成本１７００ 余万元。     

Paradoxes and Dilemmas for Stakeholder Responsive Firms in the Extractive Sector: Lessons from the Case of Shell and the Ogoni

This paper examines some of the paradoxes and dilemmas facing firms in the extractive sector when they attempt to take on a more stakeholder-responsive orientation towards issues of environmental and social responsibility. We describe the case of Shell and the Ogoni and attempt to draw out some of the lessons of that case for more sustainable operations in the developing world. We argue that firms such as Shell, Rio Tinto and others may well exhibit increasingly stakeholder-responsive behaviours at the corporate, strategic level. However for reasons of strategy, lack of competency or institutional will this increasing level of corporate responsiveness may not be mirrored effectively in dealings between subsidiary business units and their most important direct stakeholders: for example local communities and in the developing world. We contrast the struggles of Shell to replicate its corporate stakeholder-responsiveness at the local level in Nigeria with the experiences of other firms that seem to have developed managerial capabilities at a somewhat deeper level throughout the firm with consequent benefits both for stakeholders and the business.     

上市公司“壳”资源交易价格的理论分析

通过股权协议转让或二级市场并购来实现买“壳”上市是我国证券市场上一种普遍的现象。但是,理论界目前对于“壳”资源交易价格决定影响因素、不同交易方式对“壳”公司价值及社会福利的影响缺乏深入的研究。本文运用两个不同的理论模型对二级市场并购和股权协议转让两种不同的“壳”资源交易方式均衡价格的决定及其对企业价值和社会福利的影响分别加以研究,并由此得出一些有意义的结论及政策建议。     

壳牌和BP石油公司标准化工作调研分析

介绍了壳牌和BP石油公司标准的构成、分类、使用和管理情况,并从标准数量、标准信息化程度、标准经费投入几方面对两家国际大石油公司进行了对比分析。     

Abbreviated Scenario Thinking

Scenario development is a time- and resource-intensive process, one that not all companies are positioned to undertake at any given point in time. As such, this article will propose an Abbreviated Scenario Thinking process that uses published scenarios from government and industry sources to allow companies to make strategic decisions based on the results. Scenarios are narratives that describe the possible futures in which one must compete 5, 10, or 20 years from now. They allow people to test possible actions by playing them out in three or four different ways. Scenarios are based on plausible consequences of events, environmental forces, and players as they occur in time, and create patterns of the future that can have substantively different effects on strategic decisions. Thus, scenarios are important to executives and managers in the 21^st century as they develop competitive strategies. By employing Abbreviated Scenario Thinking, executives utilize published global scenarios to analyze the driving forces that affect their organizations, asking “What If?” as an entry point to scenario planning. This can produce benefits even before any formal scenarios are written.     

Profits and Principles: Four Perspectives

This article clarifies the relationship between profits and principles by distinguishing four alternative perspectives: the win-win perspective in which ethical behaviour generates the highest profits; a licence-to-operate perspective in which a minimum ethical performance is required to receive legitimation from the society; an acceptable profits perspective, in which an acceptable profitability is required to assure the financial continuity; and an integrated perspective. These four perspectives are illustrated by statements from Shell reports and from interviews with managers of a large European retail company.     

谁动了上市公司的壳？——地方保护主义与上市公司壳交易

地方保护对税源流动性的干预会影响资源的有效配置。本文以1998-2012年沪深两市A股市场247起上市“壳公司”交易为样本,以企业所得税、增值税、营业税之和占地区财政收入之比衡量地方保护程度,研究发现:壳公司所在地的地方保护程度越高,壳公司越可能被本地公司收购,壳公司被收购后越有可能保持国有性质,而且,壳公司所在地的地方保护程度越高,壳收购活动现金支付比例越高。地方保护主义与壳交易的这些关系在以企业所得税占地区财政收入的比重、营业税占地区财政收入的比重衡量地方保护主义的情况下仍显著存在。但是,在以增值税占地区财政收入比衡量的地方保护主义下不显著。这说明不同税种激励下,地方保护主义对“壳资源”交易干预存在差异。进一步的研究发现,“壳公司”被异地收购后雇员规模和劳动力成本显著降低,经营业绩显著提高。     

壳牌集团的管理体制和经营特点

壳牌集团是世界上最大的上游一体化的石油公司之一。１９９７年该集团在世界５００家大公司中名列第五位,在石油公司中居第一倍。主要介绍了壳牌集团的管理体制和经营特点。     

Framing the Corporation: Royal Dutch/Shell and Human Rights Woes in Nigeria

Transnational corporations are often implicated in conflicts over environmental problems and human rights in developing countries. As a result they become targets of both local and transnational campaigns. Given the lack of resources and influence of local activists, campaigning groups often turn to consumer audiences abroad to pressurize a certain company or brand. That requires agenda-setting and “framing” of the issues concerned in order to gain consumers’ attention. Local activists and campaigning groups use the public sphere to call attention to allegedly dubious corporate policies and practices that lie behind the consumer goods offered for sale in the Western world. Based on an analysis of the public discourse about the operations of the oil multinational Royal Dutch/Shell in Nigeria in the year 1995, this paper suggests that once the corporation is framed as a moral actor, it gets difficult for the corporation to deny its responsibility for human rights—even though the actual influence of the corporation may be limited.