Land use externalities, open space preservation, and urban sprawl

Parcel data on residential land conversion are used to investigate how land use externalities influence the rate of development and modify policies designed to manage urban growth and preserve open space. Several “smart growth” policies are found to significantly influence land conversion, including a development clustering policy that concentrates development and generates preserved open space. In addition to directly affecting a parcel's hazard rate of conversion, this policy is found to affect neighboring parcels' conversion by generating a positive open space externality that hastens their development. The implication that the clustering policy could generate a more sprawled pattern of development is explored using spatial simulation.     

The significance of digital data systems for smart city policy

Our planet is gradually moving towards an urbanized world. Modern urban agglomerations tend to turn nowadays into advanced information hubs supporting a smart management of dynamic urban systems. The currently popular notion of ‘smart cities’ aims to provide a new perspective for sustainable and high-performance strategies of city stakeholders in our ‘urban century’. In this context, digital information technology provides a new tool for efficient and effective management and planning of urban space, inter alia in the field of transportation, environment, public facilities or advanced service provision to citizens. This paper aims to offer, first, a concise overview of the emerging opportunities of information and communication technology (ICT) for smart urban policy; digital technology in particular, appears to provide novel pathways for modern planning strategies in smart cities. Against this background, the paper sketches out the complex force field of global urbanisation phenomena and highlights the data and information needs for strategic planning of cities (using inter alia as a framework the so-called ‘urban piazza’ strategy framework). Secondly, various new decision support tools that are currently emerging and that offer a new promising scope for handling complex urban management issues (for instance, on accessibility, congestion, safety or sustainability) are briefly presented. And finally, the potential of such digital data systems for urban management and policy is concisely illustrated by means of some recent applications in the area of smartphone data systems. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges ahead for urban policy, inter alia by paying attention to institutional and governance aspects of ‘big digital data’ management in urban systems.     

Subterranean Commodification: Informal Housing and the Legalization of Basement Suites in Vancouver from 1928 to 2009

This article draws on Margaret Radin's theorization of ‘contested commodities' to explore the process whereby informal housing becomes formalized while also being shaped by legal regulation. In seeking to move once‐informal housing into the domain of official legality, cities can seldom rely on a simple legal framework of private‐law principles of property and contract. Instead, they face complex trade‐offs between providing basic needs and affordability and meeting public‐law norms around living standards, traditional neighbourhood feel and the environment. This article highlights these issues through an examination of the uneven process of legal formalization of basement apartments in Vancouver, Canada. We chose a lengthy period—from 1928 to 2009—to explore how basement apartments became a vital source of housing often at odds with city planning that has long favoured a low‐density residential built form. We suggest that Radin's theoretical account makes it possible to link legalization and official market construction with two questions: whether to permit commodification and how to permit commodification. Real‐world commodification processes—including legal sanction—reflect hybridization, pragmatic decision making and regulatory compromise. The resolution of questions concerning how to legalize commodification are also intertwined with processes of market expansion.     

How do customers meet their needs in in-store and online fashion shopping? A comparative study based on the jobs-to-be-done theory

Understanding customer needs is key for fashion retailers to stay competitive and innovative. Surprisingly, however, extant literature mainly explores customer needs in terms of a garment and its attributes rather than viewing shopping as a problem-solving process to meet customer needs. Moreover, these studies fail to address how customers meet their needs in-store (ISFR) and online fashion retailing (OFR). To fill this research gap, we empirically investigate customers' personal and social needs and how they can be met through the jobs-to-be-done theory. Findings reveal that, beyond the purchase of a garment, customer needs can be fulfilled through different ways, such as smart technology or a person's high interaction with social others in ISFR and the online shop experience or a social linkage without social interaction in OFR. Additionally, our findings offer potential service innovations for fashion retailing managers.     

智慧专业化视角下区域资源集聚与区域创新驱动发展

传统发展动力逐渐式微，创新驱动成为区域经济发展的新引擎。走创新驱动发展道路，需要新的经济理论解释、构建并指导各区域经济增长方式和发展模式转型。智慧专业化是一种新兴经济理论，能够较好解释区域创新驱动发展的内在动力。智慧专业化有效支撑区域资源集聚与区域创新驱动发展相关性研究，从资源内存性和外向性、资源技术和经济属性以及资源支持程度3个方面，论述区域创新驱动发展的动力来源与动力持续性，进而解释区域创新驱动发展资源集聚对区域创新驱动发展绩效的影响。     

The Internet of Things: Are you ready for what’s coming?

Are you ready for what’s coming? As senior managers look to connect products, processes, and services to the growing field of the Internet of Things (IoT), this is an important preliminary question. Leveraging the IoT for firm benefit involves revisiting certain ideas that may have gone unquestioned for a long time. In this article, we begin by reviewing the complexity of the IoT, the complexities of an increasingly interconnected environment, and the increasing need to develop partnerships in order to create innovative solutions. We then offer practical insights from a case in which three actors with reciprocal specialties cooperated to create an IoT solution in the form of a connected appliance. While a shared spirit of optimism prevailed throughout the endeavor, reaching the finish line meant jumping a few hurdles along the way. Finally, we describe a number of fundamental issues related to business models, partnership strategy, data ownership, and technology diffusion that every enterprise should address before diving headfirst into the Internet of Things.     

韩国实施“绿色经济”，主打科技牌

本文对韩国2010年各项经济数据进行盘点梳理,对2011年各产业技术领域的科技发展指标进行分析展望。研究结果显示,后危机时代的韩国经济呈现较高幅度的恢复性增长,得益于政府加大了对提高未来国家竞争力核心源泉技术的研发及“低碳绿色成长”的科技投入,科技对经济增长的支撑作用明显增强。综合分析认为,新的一年韩国在发展“绿色经济”中仍将主打科技牌。     

出口食品农产品检验检疫风险评价体系的建立

利用美国M IL-STD-822B标准的原理和方法构建了出口食品农产品检验检疫风险评价矩阵,首次定义了检验检疫风险事故是不合格产品引起的国内外不良反应,并制定了风险事故后果的严重等级划分标准,确立了以一年内发生风险事故的频次作为风险事故发生概率的原则;同时依据欧盟2002/63/EC指令对风险评价结果制定了以连续459批为一个监控周期的抽样方案。根据风险评价体系,将出口食品农产品检验检疫风险设置为5个风险等级：HHH、HH、H、M和L,依据监控抽样的检测结果可以对具体出口企业和产品进行风险等级加严或放宽的动态调节。     

中国智能电网战略选择与上海的发展机遇

近两年来全球掀起了建设智能电网的浪潮,本文分析了美欧的智能电网发展战略,通过比较美欧与中国实际情况存在的异同,得出了我国智能电网建设战略重点主要有新能源的接入与使用、输电网建设及工业用户端用户侧智能。此外,本文还分析了在智能电网的建设过程中,上海城市经济发展与产业经济发展的重大机遇,指出了企业和政府应制定相应的战略和政策来抓住该机遇。