An unequal burden: Intra-household dimensions of seasonal health in Tanzania

Seasonal variation in nutritional status is a concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Seasonality in the food consumption of young Tanzanian children has a substantial and negative impact on later life outcomes. Seasonal variation in adult nutritional status has implications for labor productivity and prenatal health. Just as mean poverty status or mean health status varies within households, seasonal patterns in health status are likely to vary within households, as well as the mechanisms underlying seasonal variation. We parameterize and compare seasonality in nutritional status across multiple types of household members in rural, farming households in Tanzania, using a novel anthropometric measure of body mass index z-score that is comparable across adults and children. Young children not yet in school and working adults are most vulnerable to seasonal fluctuations in nutritional status. Children in school and older adults are relatively shielded. Seasonal variation in the nutritional status of working adults can be partly explained by variation in dietary quality and agricultural labor hours. Seasonal variation in the nutritional status of young children is not explained by either factor, nor is it mitigated by market access. Our results suggest we do not understand the data generating process behind seasonality in the nutritional status of young children, despite the critical implications of this seasonality for development and later life productivity.     

衍生金融工具与公司风险的相关性分析

衍生金融工具对经济发展像一把"双刃剑",它既可提高金融市场配置效率,转移风险,从根本上促进金融系统的稳定,又可能给经济带来巨大风险,所以我国公司在选用衍生金融工具时要慎重.     

Does corporate social responsibility reduce financial distress risk?

This paper examines how corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects the level of financial distress risk (FDR). Using a sample of 1201 US-listed firms during 1991–2012, our results indicate that firms with higher CSR levels have lower FDR, suggesting that a better CSR performance makes firms more creditworthy and have better access to financing, which is rewarded with less financial defaults. This finding is robust to using alternative proxies of FDR, to controlling for potential endogeneity, and is mainly driven by the community, diversity, employee relations, and environmental dimensions of CSR. Moreover, this relationship is more prevalent in firms with strong governance mechanisms and high product market competition. It is also more exacerbated for less distressed firms and during non-crisis periods. Overall, our findings suggest that the adoption of CSR practices comes with less distress and default risks, likely leading to a more attractive corporate environment, better financial stability and more crisis-resilient economies.     

Bank risk proxies and the crisis of 2007/09: a comparison

The global financial crisis has again shown that it is important to understand the emergence and measurement of risks in the banking sector. However, there is no consensus in the literature which risk proxy works best at the level of the individual bank. A commonly used measure in applied work is the Z-score, which might suffer from calculation issues given poor data quality. Motivated by the variety of bank risk proxies, our analysis reveals that nonperforming assets are a well-suited complement to the Z-score in studies of bank risk.     

统计学在英语词语搭配研究中的应用

阐述与分析了弗斯等专家的词语搭配概念，认为狭义和广义的英语词语搭配界定都需要通过定量分析，即统计学的计量方法来确定搭配存在与否。并通过统计测量的方法，举例说明了搭配力的Z分值、T分值以及表示搭配强度的MI值，以此来说明统计学的方法在英语词语搭配中的广泛应用。     

Z值财务预警模型在交通运输业的修正与应用

文章将经典Z值模型应用于我国交通运输行业中,检测结果发现其判别准确率不高。继而选取我国交通运输行业62家上市公司数据作为样本,使用多元判别法修正了适合于我国交通运输行业的Z值模型,并使用企业连续两年的经营活动现金流量净额/流动负债值作为企业陷入财务困境的标志。经再次检验后表明该模型对我国交通运输企业财务状况预警的整体准确率明显提高。     

我国创业板上市公司财务风险预警实证研究

本文借鉴国内外研究成果,运用Z评分模型并综合考虑行业、规模因素,选取对应非风险组,运用Logistic回归构建了我国创业板上市公司财务风险预警量化模型,以期有助于投资者、债权人对创业板上市公司财务状况进行预测及投资安全性判断,优化创业板公司财务风险防范,推动创业板市场健康有效运行。     

衍生工具运用对上市公司风险影响的实证研究

西方主流理论认为衍生金融工具的运用可以降低公司的风险,国内学术界目前在这方面的研究尚不多.为此,本文以我国1151家A股非金融上市公司2007年横截面数据为研究样本,对上市公司运用衍生金融工具进行风险管理,并对公司风险的影响进行了实证研究.研究结果表明,我国的情况与国外不同,我国上市公司运用衍生金融工具进行风险管理对公司的系统风险和破产风险均有微弱的增加效应.     

基于人群搜索算法的上市公司的 Z-Score 模型财务预警研究

针对传统的 Z-Score 财务预警模型预警能力的不足,导致无法准确判定上市公司的财务风险状况,将 SOA 算法的良好寻优能力和 Z-Score 财务预警模型结合起来,提出一种改进的 Z-Score 财务预警模型,构建出 SOA 算法优化 Z-Score 财务预警模型的适应度函数。仿真对比发现,改进的 Z-Score 财务预警模型其平均识别率高达96.33%,远远高于 SVM 算法和 AdaBoost 算法的平均识别率,改进的算法极大地提升了 Z-Score 财务预警模型的预测能力,使其更具适应性。