略论商业银行利益相关者共同治理：逻辑与机制

商业银行利益相关者共同治理模式是对传统“股东至上”逻辑的修正，强调存款人与贷款人、银行职员与高级经理、以及监管机构对银行价值创造与治理结构的积极参与。鉴于我国目前的金融经济环境．完善商业银行利益相关者参与银行治理的机制与途径，是提升其治理效率的现实挟择。     

Assessing fishers' empowerment in inland openwater fisheries in Bangladesh

The Community Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) approach has made a significant contribution towards improvement of fishers' empowerment of inland openwater fisheries in Bangladesh aiming to manage their resources efficiently. This arrangement introduced CBFM approaches named fisher-led, community-led and women-led approach. A wider range of local institutional arrangements as community based organizations (CBOs) have been established through participatory process with legal entity. Now, the CBOs as local institutions and fishers are more empowered in participation of fishery management under co-management arrangement. The study reveals that there is still lack of institutional arrangement to be achieved at optimum level. This paper presents and assesses the empowerment status of the fisher communities in inland openwater fisheries under co-management arrangement in Bangladesh through Factor analysis and regression model. This study might have policy implication to replicate the community based fishery management approach to promote empowerment for better management.     

生物多样性管理与农民土地权益保护

生物多样性管理经历了从个别物种保护、物种和栖息地保护到自然保护区保护的发展阶段。建立自然保护区已成为中国生物多样性管理的重要手段,但自然保护区的建立对当地居民的生计构成了潜在威胁。应当通过增加自然保护区的财政投入,完善自然保护区集体土地征用制度,实行自然保护区社区共管等措施,实现自然保护区管理与农民土地权益保护之间的和谐发展。     

西部农村基层新型社区组织的经济学思考

在云南山地生态系统生物多样性保护示范项目(YUEP)中,尝试建立以村民为主体的社区共管自然资源组织和基金。这种农村基层新型社区组织将农村弱势群体作为主要服务对象,以低成本、高效率、高效益的形式进行运作。通过基金利息使共管组织有了可靠的经费保证,较好地解决了共管组织的可持续问题。     

基于产权理论的森林资源管理模式研究

森林资源是一种可再生的公共资源,无效的管理将导致资源的稀缺性进一步加剧。有效管理的前提是对资源产权的正确界定,国家管理与私人管理无法有效地解决森林资源的危机,多样性的参与式社区共管方式是森林资源管理模式的一个新选择。     

Is the Current Regulation of the VIII Division European Anchovy Optimal?

This paper sets out to assess the workability of the regulation currently in force in the European anchovy fishery of the VIII division. Particular attention is paid to the importance of the institutional regime in the allocation of natural resources. The study uses a bio-economic approach and takes into account the fact that, not only the European Union and the individual countries involved, but also some of the resource users or appropriators intervene in its management. In order to compare the effectiveness of the rules which, at the various levels, have been set up to restrict exploitation of the resource, the anchovy fishery is simulated in two extreme situations: open access and sole ownership. The results obtained by effective management will then be contrasted with those obtained from the maximum and zero profit objectives related with the two above-mentioned scenarios. Thus, if the real data come close to those derived from the sole ownership model it will have to be acknowledged that the rules at present in force are optimal. If, on the other hand, the situation more closely approach the results obtained from the open access model, we will endeavour in our conclusions to provide suggestions for economic policy measures that might improve the situation in the fishery.     

How does adaptive co-management relate to specified and general resilience? An approach from Isla Mayor,Andalusia, Spain

Resilience provides a framework to study the dynamics of social-ecological systems (SESs). The inherent complexity and uncertainty of SESs reveals the necessity for new approaches in management, such as adaptive co-management (ACM). The objective of the present research is to analyse the link between ACM and specified/general resilience debate. For the empirical analysis, a qualitative case-study approach is conducted in Isla Mayor, a southern municipality of Spain with an intensive rice cultivation tradition and a few limited secondary activities such as fishing and tourism. First, we explore five different faces of ACM in Isla Mayor’s rice farming: (1) institution building, (2) power sharing, (3) governance, (4) problem solving, and (5) knowledge co-production, social learning and adaptation. Secondly, we analyse specified and general resilience from two perspectives: (1) stakeholders’ perceptions, (2) adaptive capacity and self-organization. The results highlight the existence of a task-oriented process aimed at solving problems related to the rice activity. This process has contributed to shape a new multi-level governance system and sharing of power between public authorities and local rice farmers, seemingly contributing to an improved rice cultivation specified resilience. However, the lack of collective power and vertical/horizontal links in the governance framework of the remaining socio-economic activities in the region have given rise to some difficulties in their management and interactions with the rice sector, thereby raising barriers to diversify activities and enhance general resilience. The case shows that ACM can provide the opportunity to navigate the trade-offs between specified and general resilience.     

社区共管下保护区发展战略探讨

从松花江三湖保护区及其周边社区现状入手,深入分析了保护区与社区之间的矛盾,即林经矛盾、林牧矛盾、林农矛盾、林企矛盾、林旅矛盾以及社区对水体污染的矛盾,从而引入了社区共管的参与式保护区管理方式。探讨了社区共管下的保护区发展战略措施,并对其成效进行了分析。     

渔业共同管理模式初探

就如何优化我国渔业管理体制而言,目前我国学者还大多停留在对如何完善管理措施的研究上.这与国际社会特别是渔业发达国家的管理理论与实践相结合形成了鲜明的对比,后者不仅重视管理措施是否有效,也重视管理过程是否合理.近二十多年来,共同管理机制之所以在许多国家得到了广泛的应用,正是日益重视管理过程的一个结果.本文介绍了共同管理的基本理念及其优势,建议在我国渔业管理制度建设中应重视建构这样一种机制.     

The Fromelles Interment 2010: dominant narrative and reflexive thanatourism

The heritage and tourism appeal of the First World War (1914–1918) battlefield sites holds similarities with past capital cities’ attractions and the cultural heritage, built structure and commemorative events fostered by government-backed narrative. Governments and associated institutions manage and communicate the ‘dominant narrative’ of official culture that generally concerns moral and emotional aspects of history, myths or legends. On the other hand, the ‘little narrative’ or vernacular attributed to individuals complements and enriches the significance of official narrative and links closely to public memory. Vernacular narrative derives from personal information, family history, diaries and privately held records that eventually become part of the dominant, government narrative. The combination of these narratives contributes to the continually emerging and reassembled discourse of the First World War because it links local and foreign people with one another in seemingly viable and tangible ways. The narrative passed from generations with first-hand experience to the present day intergenerational narrative that enhances the austere facts of history. Battlefield visitors are active consumers of historical events and builders of meaning that generate from a broad spectrum of sources covering government, ancestors and family. Consequently, events such as the Fromelles Interment highlight the impact of planning, promotion and management of specific tourism events by governments, various contributing agencies, the press and the general public. The idea of an interment moves away from thanatourism to the concept of restorative or reflexive nostalgic tourism because visitors related to the relaxed, festive atmosphere of the Fromelles ceremony as well as the dominant narrative behind this unique, singular event of remembrance. The Fromelles story, the creation of a new cemetery and the visitors' insights are unique because such an event is unlikely to be repeated for any other First World War battlefield.