Technology‐push,market‐demand and the missing safety‐pull: a case study of American Airlines Flight 587

Through a critical case study of the crash of American Airlines Flight 587, this paper draws upon ‘the Social Shaping of Technology’ (SST) approach to offer a reconceptualisation of the technology‐push and market‐demand model for High‐Reliably Organisations (HROs), providing support for a third factor, called here a ‘safety‐pull’. A safety‐pull is defined as organisationally supported reflexivity in which technology innovators and frontline operators collaborate to consider the potential implications of adopting new technologies in HROs and the complex ways this change may impact human operators' work performance, often in risky and unanticipated ways. In contrast to accidents occurring solely as the result of individual operator error, analysing the safety‐pull provides a way to tease out the wide range of factors that can contribute to HRO failures and offers a new SST perspective through which to examine high‐risk operations.     

The impact of consumer decision‐making styles on consumer confusion in Mauritius: An empirical analysis

This article investigates the effects of consumer decision‐making styles on consumer confusion and harm. While consumer confusion has been well documented in the literature, this investigation attempts to bridge our understanding on its relationship with consumer decision‐making styles. Empirical data was collected from a field survey where 400 consumers selected at 20 supermarkets in Mauritius were asked to respond to a questionnaire measuring three variables under study: consumer confusion, consumer decision‐making styles, and situational factors. Findings from the MANOVA parametric test showed that there is a significant difference between consumer decision‐making styles and consumer confusion. Even when covariate situational factors were controlled through the parametric test MANCOVA, results still showed a significant difference between consumer decision‐making styles and consumer confusion. More specifically, ANCOVA tests showed that the findings were specifically significant for three types of confusion: product confusion, packaging confusion, and product complexity. The study tends to confirm that a consumer's style of decision making does impact on consumer confusion.     

高强品牌的功能与法律保护综合研究

使用市场营销学、法学、经济学、语言学与心理学的方法对品牌功能进行综合研究,认为高强品牌具有保障产品质量、降低消费者搜寻成本并能满足消费者心理需求等功能,高强品牌同时还可以使品牌所有者通过各种途径来扩大其经济利益。通过对高强品牌的功能研究发现不仅仿冒行为会损害高强品牌的价值,而且其他与高强品牌相联系的行为均会造成高强品牌价值的贬损。因此,美国法律也随着品牌功能的不断变化而逐步扩大其保护的范围(尤其是对高强品牌的保护),以适应品牌发展的需求。     

对管理学的理解和认识——基于理论的视角

管理学作为当代社会科学一门主流学科难以名副其实。理论研究中的方向迷失造成管理理论的异常混乱。管理理论与实践脱节在全世界都是严重的问题。中国管理学研究者的自娱自乐式研究和骗取科研经费的“伪装式”研究应当终止。有责任的管理学研究者应该致力于纠正偏失，以特有的使命感，为振兴中国管理学做出力所能及的贡献。     

人力资本收益分配中的货币信息弱势问题

入力资本创造收益,在其收益的分配过程中,各种主体经常产生矛盾,这种矛盾的根源在于人力资本的物质投资者的货币信息弱势地位,即对人力资本的收益状况所知和所得往往较少,人力资本收益分配中的货币信息弱势,会导致外在于人力资本自然人承担者的物质投资者产生人才培养的困惑,他得不到适当的投资回报,往往就放弃投资,从而使人力资本自然人承担者难以获得物质资本投资者的支持,这是一种多输的格局,要破解它需要人才培养者、被培养者和社会共同努力来理顺其中的分配关系.     

对义务教育阶段捐资助学问题的思考

政府拨款是义务教育阶段教育经费的主要来源,但不是唯一来源.大力倡导"依法治国"和"以德治国"的今天,社会和个人的捐资助学也是改善义务教育阶段办学条件的一条途径.政府和学校要在"德治"条件下鼓励社会与个人捐资助学,同时又必须遵循"法治"原则,规范捐赠和受赠行为,以避免"乱收费"的误解与责难.     

我国驰名商标反淡化的问题及完善对策

我国《商标法》第十三条并没有提及“淡化”两字,但结合法释〔2009〕3号《最高人民法院关于审理涉及驰名商标保护的民事纠纷案件应用法律若干问题的解释》第九条的规定,人们认为商标法第十三条第三款是对淡化的规定,但这样使得混淆和淡化在现有的法律依据下很难区分。在商品经济飞速发展的现在,有必要在法律条文和体系上对混淆和淡化做出区分,对于商标反淡化适用的范围进行确定,才能对商标权进行新观念上的全面、系统的保护。     

影响在校大学生对未来迷茫的学校因素分析

通过对十六所高校进行大学生对未来迷茫的学校因素分析的调查中,对大学生迷茫的学校因素进行了探讨"大学生迷茫"现象依旧是当代高等教育的热点。中国社会调查所、中华英才网的调查显示:迷茫并不是一个个别现象,大多数学生都曾或正在经历这种煎熬。本文将结合心理学的理论知识,从个体心理发展的角度探究"大学生迷茫"现象的原因,从而对症下药,为大学生走出"迷茫"怪圈作出指导。     

专业报面临的同质困惑及对策——以《安徽法制报》为例

专业报在报纸同质化现象愈演愈烈的今天,如何挣脱来自几个方面的市场挤压,开拓自身的发展空间,成为一个亟待探索和解决的课题。以正在报业市场艰难打拼、逆势上扬的《安徽法制报》为例,探讨专业报面临的困惑、自身存在的问题和优势,提出以专业深度、碎片战略为代表的差异化发展之路。     

Politicization and 'company-ization'—on institutional affiliation and confusion in the organizational world

The complexity of formal organizations in modern societies is explored by making reference to two institutionalized organizational types: The 'political organization' and the 'company'. These types differ to how organizational environments and inner workings are constructed. They regulate how actual organizations can be formed. But the regulation is far from perfect: many organizations contain elements from both types. Organizations are politicized and 'company-ized'. This 'institutional confusion' may arise by processes in which organizations imitate individual features of other organizations, in which they unsuccessfully try to realize one of the types or in which they adapt to changing external conditions.