Blocked-Error-R 2: A Conceptually Improved Definition of the Proportion of Explained Variance in Models Containing Loops or Correlated Residuals

Bentler and Raykov (2000, Journal of Applied Psychology 85: 125–131), and Jöreskog (1999a, http://www.ssicentral.com/lisrel/column3.htm, 1999b http://www.ssicentral. com/lisrel/column5.htm) proposed procedures for calculating R ² for dependent variables involved in loops or possessing correlated errors. This article demonstrates that Bentler and Raykov’s procedure can not be routinely interpreted as a “proportion” of explained variance, while Jöreskog’s reduced-form calculation is unnecessarily restrictive. The new blocked-error-R ² (beR ²) uses a minimal hypothetical causal intervention to resolve the variance-partitioning ambiguities created by loops and correlated errors. Hayduk (1996) discussed how stabilising feedback models – models capable of counteracting external perturbations – can result in an acceptable error variance which exceeds the variance of the dependent variable to which that error is attached. For variables included within loops, whether stabilising or not, beR ² provides the same value as Hayduk’s (1996) loop-adjusted-R ². For variables not involved in loops and not displaying correlated residuals, beR ² reports the same value as the traditional regression R ². Thus, beR ² provides a conceptualisation of the proportion of explained variance that spans both recursive and nonrecursive structural equation models. A procedure for calculating beR ² in any SEM program is provided.     

Reflexive loops on scaling issues in landscape quality assessment

Though most landscape ecologists have integrated scaling issues in their works, these issues are often disregarded in landscape perception and preference studies. Researchers base their studies on a predefined single scale to assess the landscape, and they pay little attention to the scale specificity of their analysis and recommendations. We reconsidered three landscape assessment studies from our research unit in light of scaling issues. In addition to the scale of the assessed landscape, researchers should address the scale of the landscape surrogate that is submitted for assessment, including the spatial references of the people surveyed and the target level of application of the results. Indeed, many of the landscape assessment methods mix different landscape notions and scales. Therefore, we recommend the cautious use of these assessments, the integration of qualitative insights in addition tithe scoring and paying attention to the perception scale, as defined by Fairclough (2006).     

一种基于再生伪码测距的遥测信号测距方法

为了简化深空探测器无线测量系统设计,解决下行系统受功率、带宽等因素限制遥测信号和测距信号权衡设计问题,在再生伪码测距技术的基础上,提出了一种基于遥测信号测距的新方法,以遥测数据符号代替测距伪码的功能,利用地面跟踪环路对遥测信号的跟踪测量实现下行测距,减少了独立的下行测距信号。分析和仿真结果表明：新方法简化了下行信号形式,降低了系统实现复杂度,在遥测码速率为100 kbit/s左右时,随机测距误差优于传统再生伪码测距模式,且随着遥测码速率的增加测距精度进一步改善。     

发展与民生兼顾：构建“两圈一带”战略视野下的湖北省城乡统筹社会保障体系

实施＂两圈一带＂发展战略是湖北省＂十二五＂规划制定的关键与核心内容,如何推进这一发展战略的落实是湖北省下一阶段发展的主要任务。发展与民生是＂两圈一带＂战略规划中的两个重要命题,在全局观的统领下,适时调整和完善湖北区域经济发展的新战略是实现发展的基本要义;重视民生,构建区域内城乡统筹的社会保障体系是实现全局发展战略规划的根本动力。本文阐释了构建＂两圈一带＂区域内城乡统筹社会保障体系的基本原则、提出了应在切实保障和改善民生理念的指导下,分步推进区域内城乡统筹社会保障体系建立的总体设计思路与制度难点。     

一种新型的桥梁耗能减震装置性能研究

本文介绍了一种新的桥梁耗能减震装置，该装置工作元件由两部分组成：钢轨与钢管。文中给出了装置的构造，并对该装置进行了伪静力试验，对应变试验结果进行了详细分析，试验结果表明，该装置具有一定的使用价值。     

Adaptive aspirations and performance heterogeneity: Attention allocation among multiple reference points

Organizations learn and adapt their aspiration levels based on reference points (prior aspiration, prior performance, and prior performance of reference groups). The relative attention that organizations allocate to these reference points impacts organizational search and strategic decisions. However, very little research has explored this. Therefore, we build a recursive feedback model of learning from organizational experience that explains heterogeneity of attention allocation to the reference points in adaptive aspirations. In a sample of the German magazine industry (1972–2010), we find when early in their life cycle and as they or their parent company age, organizations tend to focus more on their own aspirations; however, when at the verge of bankruptcy, they increase their attention to competitors' performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅析变电站扩建工程中电压互感器并列回路二次接线的改进措施

变电站扩建工程中,母线的电压回路经常存在一种电压互感器装置同时并列安装两种不同的主二次绕组的情况。本文主要围绕电压互感器并列回路二次接线的改进措施展开详细分析与探讨,望引起各方人员的特别关注与重视。     

模糊自整定PID双闭环直流调速系统建模及仿真分析

本文章对于工程上常采用的直流调速控制系统,详尽地阐述了双闭环调速系统的PID控制原理,分别对调速系统的电流环、转速环的动态特性、抗干扰特性进行simulink仿真实验。针对在克服较大扰动和提高系统动态品质的要求,设计了一种基于模糊控制理论的PID控制器并对调速系统进行仿真实验。通过与原有PID控制器进行对比,发现基于模糊控制理论的PID控制器可以显著提升控制效果,并且具有非常强的抗干扰特性,快速的系统响应,良好的动态特性等。     

An investigation into feedback and spatial relationships between banks’ share prices and sovereign bond spreads during the euro crisis

We examine (1) spillover effects between euro-area sovereigns and banking systems within national jurisdictions and (2) cross-country spillovers among ten countries during the euro-area crisis. We find that cross-country spillovers substantially amplify the doom loops between the sovereign and banking sectors. We also provide a test that supports the hypothesis that cross-country spillovers among southern-euro-area countries were of a different order from the spillovers among northern-euro-area countries. Our results also imply that, if shocks are idiosyncratic, spillover effects may help in reducing the impact for northern countries.