绿色信贷制度创新研究——以推动企业生态创新为视角

绿色信贷是绿色金融的重要组成部分,是银行业金融机构履行环境责任的重要途径,然而现行制度在信贷风险分担、长效推动、环境绩效的监督测算等方面都还存在不足。本文在解析绿色信贷和生态创新一致性目标的基础上,以推动企业生态创新的全新视角,构建面向企业生态创新的绿色信贷信用担保授信机制和环境效益监测机制,并针对性地提出不同环境收益下绿色信贷的差异性浮动合同利率管理模式和第三方担保机构的多元业务管理模式,为绿色信贷的制度创新提供建议参考。面向企业生态创新的绿色信贷制度,可在激励企业加大生态创新、提升竞争力的同时,降低绿色信贷的信贷违约风险和环境社会风险,有助于绿色信贷的可持续发展。     

环境技术创新对企业环境效益和经济效益的作用机制

从环境技术创新的角度,将企业的环境效益与经济效益有机联系,重点研究环境技术创新对环境效益和经济效益的作用机制。首先对环境技术创新的相关研究进行综述,鉴别出环境技术创新的选择,即环境要素改变、环境子系统改变和环境系统创新。然后通过案例研究,提出环境驱动的企业技术创新与技术创新驱动的企业环境效益提高之间存在链式互动关系的理论观点,建立了环境技术创新对环境效益和经济效益的作用机制的概念模型。依据该模型,提出要实现环境效益与经济效益的"互利双赢",必须超越现有的生产技术系统,而不仅仅是对现有技术系统进行局部改善。     

生态资本化理论视角下的循环经济生态创新体系研究

循环经济生态创新的本质就是促进经济社会的可持续发展,以维持生态资本存量非减性作为其发展的生态基础。本文首先介绍了循环经济生态创新的内涵,分析探讨了生态资本与循环经济生态创新的关联性,以此确定生态资本化下循环经济生态创新的价值取向,以此为基础,构建一个循环经济生态化技术创新、生态化制度创新、生态化金融创新以及生态化观念创新"四位一体"循环经济生态创新体系。     

On the contribution of eco-innovation features to a circular economy: A microlevel quantitative approach

The circular economy (CE) and eco-innovation (EI) are two concepts deemed instrumental in achieving a sustainable transition. They have been proposed in the academic literature and by practitioners and have acquired very high public policy relevance, being endorsed by policymakers and ultimately leading to regulations supporting them. It has been argued that both concepts are compatible and interrelated and that EI is instrumental in achieving the CE. However, little is known about how different EI features contribute to the CE at the microlevel. This article tries to cover this gap. Its aim is to assess and quantify the causal relationship between different EI features and the CE with the help of a unique dataset of small- and medium-sized firms in Spain and an econometric analysis. Our results show that only systemic EIs contribute to a global CE, whereas other EI types such as component additions or small changes in existing production processes could even be barriers to high levels of circularity. It is found out that technological novelty is not relevant for reaching the CE. The results support the understanding of how EIs enable a transition to the CE. Care should be taken not to promote incremental EIs that do not only achieve low (or no) circularity but that effectively lock-in the economic system in solutions that entail a barrier to the achievement of high-level circularity.     

我国绿色创新能力评价及其影响因素的实证分析——基于DEA-Malmquist生产率指数分析法

运用基于DEA的Malmquist生产率指数分析法,对2003—2009年我国30个省市的绿色创新能力进行了定量评价,并对R&D强度、人力资本素质、治理污染投资以及贸易开放度这4个影响因素进行面板数据分析。结果表明:我国大部分省市的绿色创新能力较强,R&D强度、人力资本素质的提升以及治理环境污染投入的增加能显著促进绿色创新能力的提升,高贸易开放度对绿色创新能力的提高具有不利影响,需引起足够重视。     

(Failing to) create eco-innovation networks: The Nordic Climate Cluster

The Nordic Climate Cluster (NOCC) was an innovation network composed of large Norwegian and Swedish companies from different industries with common interests in climate-friendly eco-innovations. The network was initiated in 2008, but was disbanded just two years later. This study treats the NOCC as a special case (an eco-innovation network) and examines factors that influenced its failure. The study shows that the network failed for a variety of reasons, including a lack of stability, a lack of social capital and inadequate market demands for eco-innovations. The study concludes with implications for policy-makers who are keen to promote eco-innovation via networking.     

A cross-cultural investigation of the relationship between eco-innovation and customers boycott behaviour

Retailers are under pressure to utilise eco-innovation to improve their operations and reduce customers boycotts as a result of the growing concerns of customers about environmental issues. Thus, this paper examines the effect of eco-innovation (i.e., reactive eco-innovation, proactive eco-innovation) on customers boycotts behaviours across various cultural environments. It also explores the role of ethical ideology (i.e., idealism, relativism) on this relationship. Based on psychological contract violation theory was used to develop our study model. We collected data from 3392 consumers from four different countries to test the study model. The results indicated that company's reactive eco-innovation is positively related to customers boycotts behaviour and this relationship is stronger in the developed societies (i.e., UK, USA) than in the developing societies (i.e., Saudi Arabia, Egypt). Furthermore, proactive eco-innovation has a negative effect on boycotts. This link is stronger in the in the developing societies (i.e., Saudi Arabia, Egypt) than in the developed societies (i.e., UK, USA). Psychological contract violation and environmental concerns were found to mediate this relationship. Moreover, our study found that idealism has a negative influence on boycotts while relativism has a positive effect on boycotts. Our study offers meaningful theoretical and managerial implications for retailers in different cultural contexts.     

Drivers of the Adoption of Eco-Innovations in the Pulp,Paper, and Paper Products Industry in Brazil

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes the production of knowledge in the field of eco-innovation, checking its state of the art in order to discuss topics of future research. Specifically, it assesses the pulp, paper, and paper products industry in Brazil in order to examine the drivers of the adoption of eco-innovation strategies. The study is essentially a review of the literature, with a methodology based on exploratory research, and using the documental and bibliographical qualitative method. The empirical research was based on a quantitative approach using the strategy of a cross-sectional survey by means of a self-administered online questionnaire. It was verified that the studies related to eco-innovation are still preliminary and that the subject lacks specific research with empirical data from survey and in-depth case studies. The following topics were checked for studies on innovation in environmental issues on conceptual and theoretical discussion; models and indicators for evaluating the eco-innovation; types; and political arguments for their development, with the proposition of research lines within this context. The results of the empirical research allow us to conclude that factors such as environmental regulation, the use of environmental incentives and innovation, reputation effects, top management support, technological expertise, and environmental formalization in the context of domestic enterprises are crucial to the adoption of eco-innovation. Further, the higher the extent to which companies embrace an environmental and innovative culture, the greater the internalization of eco-innovative practices.     

Do independent,female and specialist directors promote eco-innovation and eco-design in agri-food firms?

Eco-innovation and eco-design strategies are associated with firms' innovation capabilities. Moreover, they may impact on access to public subsidies and on financial performance. In this respect, the agri-food industry is especially vulnerable, because in general, this sector has less experience of technological innovation, and managers are more likely to be averse to such projects. On the other hand, the board may promote a proactive environmental approach to defend the interests of investors and other stakeholders, taking the view that these strategies reduce the environmental impact of the firm's products and its production processes and are therefore beneficial. Our study aim is to identify the profile of directors who may be favourable to eco-design and eco-innovation strategies, focusing on the traits of independence, gender diversity and environmental specialisation. The results obtained, from a dependence model based on panel data supplied by 321 agri-food companies for the period 2002–2017 (unbalanced panel data with 4878 observations), show that independent directors play a crucial role in implementing eco-innovation and eco-design projects. However, neither the diversity nor the specialisation of directors is a significant factor in this regard.     

External stakeholder engagement: Complementary and substitutive effects on firms' eco-innovation

In this paper, we investigate whether firms' engagements in collaboration agreements with different types of external stakeholders produce complementary effects on the likelihood of eco-innovation. Although collaboration network and open eco-innovation theories affirm that the combination of external partners such as scientific partners, suppliers and customers produces complementary effects on the firm's likelihood of eco-innovation, several empirical studies found the existence of substitutive effects between them. To bridge this gap in the literature, we shape the nature of the interaction between different external partners, analysing an unbalanced panel sample of 10,918 innovative Spanish firms, covering the period 2008–2016. Consequently, we can show how firms benefit the most from collaboration with external partners. Our results show that firms that simultaneously collaborate with scientific partners, suppliers and customers generate partial complementary effects, which increase the firm's likelihood to eco-innovate the most, and that the combination of customer-collaboration with scientific partners, or supplier-collaboration, produces partial substitutive effects. Taking this in account, our results also confirm that engaging with scientific partners, suppliers or customers, independent of one another, increases firms' likelihood of eco-innovation more than noncollaboration. These results have important implications for managers, researchers and policy designers. For managers, this study provides a correct understanding of the benefits that they can expect to obtain from multi-partner external collaboration. For researchers, it introduces the marginal analysis to estimate interaction on nonlinear models. Finally, for policy designers, it shows the need for sponsored R&D collaboration to encourage coordinated ecosystems in which sustainability goals are pursued together.