城区特征对房贷的影响

城区特征通过多种途径影响商业银行住房抵押贷款决策.商业银行可以根据城区特征判断一个城区的住房抵押贷款违约风险,进而确定对该城区的最低首付款比例或拒贷率.通过分析国外城区特征对商业银行住房抵押贷款决策的影响机制,联系我国实际情况,指出我国商业银行根据城区特征进行住房抵押贷款决策具有合理性,建议商业银行密切关注城区住房价格波动率,并建议政府限制中低收入城区商业银行的数量.     

A Semiparametric Method for Valuing Residential Locations: Application to Automated Valuation

This paper is motivated by automated valuation systems, which would benefit from an ability to estimate spatial variation in location value. It develops theory for the local regression model (LRM), a semiparametric approach to estimating a location value surface. There are two parts to the LRM: (1) an ordinary least square (OLS) model to hold constant for interior square footage, land area, bathrooms, and other structural characteristics; and (2) a non-parametric smoother (local polynomial regression, LPR) which calculates location value as a function of latitude and longitude. Several methods are used to consistently estimate both parts of the model. The LRM was fit to geocoded hedonic sales data for six towns in the suburbs of Boston, MA. The estimates yield substantial, significant and plausible spatial patterns in location values. Using the LRM as an exploratory tool, local peaks and valleys in location value identified by the model are close to points identified by the tax assessor, and they are shown to add to the explanatory power of an OLS model. Out-of-sample MSE shows that the LRM with a first-degree polynomial (local linear smoothing) is somewhat better than polynomials of degree zero or degree two. Future applications might use degree zero (the well-known NW estimator) because this is available in popular commercial software. The optimized LRM reduces MSE from the OLS model by between 5 percent and 11 percent while adding information on statistically significant variations in location value.     

Neighborhood Effects and Regional Poverty Traps in Rural China

The present paper investigates how neighborhood effects are connected to chronic poverty. We examine a large sample of groups of households and find that neighborhood effects are significant in a majority of groups, especially in the poorest groups. People living in poor communities tend to suffer from poverty over time. It is of theoretical and empirical importance to explore how neighborhood effects are interrelated with chronic poverty and the channels through which this occurs. Unlike other econometric analyses, we establish a multilevel econometric model to show that： （i） it is difficult for an individual living in a neighborhood with a high proportion of agricultural labor, low education levels, and poor transport and telecommunication infrastructure to escape from poverty traps; （ii） neighborhood effects dominate in poor communities; and （iii） although poverty is affected by group-level factors, individual factors still play a dominant role in regards to escaping poverty when income surpasses a threshold level Therefore, policy priority should be given to providing social protection and public services, especially in poor rural areas.     

基于不同Logistic模型的土地利用格局模拟对比研究——以湖北省宣恩县和咸丰县为例

模拟土地利用空间格局分布规律对合理利用土地资源、制定土地利用规划、协调土地与经济、环境的关系具有十分重要的意义。土地利用格局存在空间异质性,对比不同地区格局特征规律对加深土地利用格局的认识具有重要意义。以邻接的湖北省宣恩县和咸丰县为研究对象,通过对比基于局地因子、自相关因子和邻域因子的3种Logistic模型的模拟参数的一致性和异质性来对比研究两地的格局分布规律。实验与分析结果表明,宣恩县和咸丰县的土地利用格局特征存在共同的驱动因子和聚集效应,具有共性;不同模型的模拟结果表明驱动因子在作用方向,大小方面存在差异,邻域因子在邻域尺度上表现出不同特征。研究结果对加深理解不同地区的土地利用分布格局特征的差异性,促进区域土地利用的规划、土地资源的合理开发与可持续发展战略的顺利实施具有一定的参考价值。     

矿法修改应增加对矿权相邻关系制度的内容

相邻关系是传统民法规范相邻不动产之间权利义务关系的一项重要法律制度。本文对矿权相邻关系的基础理论、国内外矿权相邻关系的立法现状进行了论述,针对现实中我国矿权相邻关系亟待法律规范和我国矿权相邻关系法律制度存在的不足,提出了在我国《矿产资源法》等法律法规修改中增加矿权相邻关系相关内容的立法建议。     

城市社区邻里关系的空间效应

邻里关系与空间形式息息相关.我国当前的城市社区建设,应当充分发挥空间设置对邻里关系的促进作用.传统社区改造在保持公共空间的基础上,应加强空间私密性;新型社区在保证私密性的基础上,应强化公共空间的建设.     

论社区思想政治工作的系统性

从系统的角度，提出社区思想政治工作系统是由社区服务，社区文化建设，社区教育，社区党建和社区管理等方面的要素构成，分析了这些要素在社区思想政治工作系统中的地位和作用，并从社区整体发展的角度提出，社区思想政治工作系统又是划分为多个层次，它是一个由低级阶段向高级阶段，由浅层次向深层次逐步发展的过程。     

Advertising Decision Makers' and Consumers' Perceptions of Media Substitutability

The purpose of this article is to assess the perceptions of advertising media substitutability among consumers, media planners, and media providers. Data were collected from three different samples using structured questionnaires and CATI interviewing. The results suggest that some degree of substitution does indeed exist in all three groups. This means that if first media choices are unavailable all groups are likely to consider others as possibly providing the best buying information. This study adds to the scarce literature that focuses on perceptions of media substitutability and provides results for both demand and supply side of the media market. It also suggests that such perceptual studies may be helpful in a re-examination of current policy and advertising management decisions.     

Comparing levels of resident empowerment among two culturally diverse resident populations in Oizumi,Gunma, Japan

While resident empowerment has been a central aspect of the sustainable tourism literature, difficulties of putting the concept into practice have been noted given the heterogeneous nature of communities. “Community” is often divided by kinship, age, gender and ethnicity, and such division may influence the perceptions of empowerment. The goal of this study was to better understand heterogeneous perceptions of empowerment by administering the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale within the community of Oizumi, Japan. Oizumi has the highest concentration of Brazilian immigrants in Japan, and the town has embraced “ethnic neighborhood tourism” centered on Brazilian culture as a strategy for economic development. Oizumi's demographic makeup allowed for testing differences in perceived empowerment between members of the dominant ethnic group (Japanese) and members of the ethnic minority group (Japanese Brazilians). Analysis of 650 completed questionnaires revealed that Brazilians felt more psychologically and socially empowered than Japanese residents, indicating a shift in the balance of power between the ethnic groups. Results also revealed that the political dimension of empowerment was rated relatively low among both groups, suggesting a general lack of opportunities to participate in the planning process. Implications for both practice and theory are presented.     

Process,goal, and social interaction differences in recreation: What makes an activity substitutable

Abstract

In the present study two recreational activities, deer hunting and goose hunting, both similar in form, are compared. The study shows that the activity with the fewest perceived substitutes, deer hunting, also showed higher mean ratings on items measuring the importance of various elements of the experience, such as the process of participation, the goal of the activity, and the social interaction that accompanies the activity by the participants. Deer hunters also reported greater participation in the activity by peers and were more likely to be introduced to the activity by a family member. It is argued that these differences in the importance of the elements of the experiences influence the perceived substitutability of a recreational activity.