Violations of Service Fairness and Legal Ramifications: The Case of the Managed Care Industry

Adapted from Chan's (2000) model depicting success of litigation, this paper argues that with the application of various legislation, health maintenance organizations' (HMOs') violations of service fairness to each group: enrollees, physicians, and hospitals give rise to each group's lawsuits against the HMOs. Various authors (Bowen et al., 1999; Seiders and Berry, 1998) indicate that justice concepts such as distributive, procedural, and interactional justice can be applied to the area of service fairness. The violation of these underlying justice principles with HMOs' service unfairness to enrollees, physicians, and hospitals is examined. A general synopsis of the ethical issues in the managed care industry is provided. The various lawsuits launched by each group: enrollees, physicians, and hospitals together with the key statutes used are discussed. This paper also highlights the provisions and ramifications of the 11 April 2000 landmark agreement that Aetna made with Texas Attorney General John Cornyn to settle the 1998 lawsuit brought against the company. Lastly, the current ethical issues in the managed care industry are further discussed. The value of this paper can be adapted to the study of organizations' service fairness violations in other industries or in the educational, governmental, and not-for-profit sectors both nationally and internationally.     

保障措施争端中的焦点问题及其启示

WTO的《保障措施协定》提供了对成员方内部产业安全的保护手段,也因此引起了保障措施争端。保障措施争端中的焦点集中在事实性争议和程序性争议两方面,争议的两个方面都是值得我们注意的。     

Relationships among pay inequity,perceptions of procedural justice,and organizational citizenship

This study explored relationships between employee dissatisfaction with pay, perceptions of procedural justice, and organizational citizenship behavior. It was hypothesized that pay inequity would be negatively related to citizenship, while favorable perceptions of procedural and interpersonal justice would be positively related. Results provided strong support for the hypotheses only with regard to a dimension of citizenship labeled “compliance.” Implications for employee behavior in the workplace and the expression of grievances are discussed; future research directions are also offered.     

行政许可法打造法治政府

通过对新颁布的《行政许可法》的梳理和分析，认为《行政许可法》在有限政府、程序政府、责任政府等方面建立了许多具有突破意义的制度和新的规定，这些制度的建立和新的规定的实施，必将为我国建立法治化政府，进而建设社会主义的法治化国家，带来深远意义的影响。     

旅游企业员工招聘程序公平性的实证研究

对广东省几所高校和中等专科学校旅游管理及相关专业应届毕业生进行了一次调研，对美国学者鲍尔等人设计的员工招聘程序公平性计量尺度进行了实证检验。数据分析结果表明：(1)这个计量尺度有较好的可靠性和有效性；(2)管理人员在员工招聘工作中坚持公平性原则，可增强旅游企业吸引优秀人才的能力。     

An Examination of Procedural Justice Principles in China and the U.S.

This paper examines procedural justice principles from a cultural perspective, and examines the relationships between three dimensions of national culture (uncertainty avoidance, societal emphasis on collectivism, and gender egalitarianism), three principles of procedural justice (consistency, social sensitivity, and account-giving), and judgments of fairness. The results suggest that culture can influence employees' perceptions of the fairness of procedural justice principles; different dimensions of national culture influence different principles of procedural justice. The principle of social sensitivity was perceived as fairer in collectivistic China than in individualistic U.S. In addition, differences between men and women in perceived fairness of account-giving were exaggerated in China (a culture low in gender egalitarianism) and attenuated in the U.S. (a culture high in gender egalitarianism).     

论羁押制度之改革

在我国侦查实践中,羁押制度存在诸多缺陷。本文试通过对我国羁押制度缺陷的分析,从刑事诉讼理念上进行反思,并在此基础上建议在我国羁押制度的改革中实现对羁押的司法审查及逮捕与羁押的分离等,以期完善我国的羁押制度。     

中国现代法律文化建设之程序公正

法律文化现代化是中国法治建设的重要组成部分,现代法律文化建设受到诸方面因素的影响。程序公正以及与程序公正相关的法律制度在我国传统法律文化中不健全、不完善,是制约我国现代法律文化建设的主要因素之一。从而提出程序公正对建设现代法律文化的重要性,摒弃传统法律文化重实体轻程序的观念,不断完善程序公正理论,从而推动现代法律文化的建设和社会主义法治国家的全面实现。     

程序正义视阈中中国行政决策听证制度建设

行政决策听证作为一种法律程序,应当符合程序正义的基本要求。中国现阶段行政决策听证制度缺乏统一的听证规则;听证参与人缺少应有的法理属性;听证的抗辩性不强;缺乏对听证代表意见的回应和救济机制等。完善中国行政决策听证制度,应当强化程序观念,提高全体公民的听证权意识;制定统一的听证规则;完善听证主持人制度和代表遴选制度;建立对听证意见的回应与救济机制。     

The principle of the procedural just value

With the development of the society,the improvement of the law system has attracted the widespread attention.The writer tries to discuss this problem in procedural just value's principles attitude and also tries to prove that procedural just value's principles has independent content and significant status in judicial procedure.And the generalized a variety of principles and created the definition about it.