商业银行流动性过剩问题的再认识

最近,学术界对商业银行流动性问题议论颇多,议论的焦点是银行的流动性过剩及由此引发的种种后果.本文基于既往研究中值得深思的四个问题,从商业银行超额储备构成出发对流动性过剩的内涵、判断标准及影响因素进行界定,以商业银行保持流动性成因的微观视角管窥我国商业银行流动性过剩问题.在此基础上,本文认为商业银行流动性过剩问题的解决与资本市场的发展并无必然的直接联系,并针对流动性过剩问题的不同形成原因提出了相应的几点看法.     

投机资本攻击一国汇率的博弈均衡

在经济全球化和金融自由化背景下,国际投机资本的力量快速膨胀,国际游资利用金融杠杆掠夺危机国的财富,使国际金融市场的稳定受到严重挑战.通过构建两个不完全信息下微观主体的博弈模型,揭示国际投机者做出投机攻击决策的依据和博弈中货币当局败北的原因,创造性地提出"抗投机攻击指数"的概念,用以判断一国外汇市场的稳定,为我国在金融市场对外开放过程中采取有效政策搭配、实现内外均衡提供参考.     

Using Market Expectations to Test for Speculative Bubbles in the Crude Oil Market

The wide fluctuations of oil prices from 2003 to 2008 have attracted the interest of academics and policymakers. A popular view is that these fluctuations were caused by speculative bubbles due to the increased financialization of oil futures markets. This hypothesis, however, is difficult to examine since the fundamental price of oil is unobservable and, therefore, econometric evidence in favor of bubbles may actually be due to misspecified market fundamentals. In this paper, we extend two recently proposed methodologies for bubble detection that alleviate this problem by using market expectations of future prices. Both methodologies provide no evidence of speculative bubbles.     

FX Intervention in the New Keynesian Model

We develop an open-economy New Keynesian Model with foreign exchange (FX) intervention in the presence of a financial accelerator and shocks to risk appetite in international capital markets. We obtain closed-form solutions for optimal monetary and FX intervention policies assuming the central bank cannot commit to future policies, and we compare the solution to that under policy commitment. We show how FX intervention can help reduce the volatility of the exchange rate, of inflation, and of the output gap, thus mitigating welfare losses associated with shocks in the international capital markets. We also show that, when the financial accelerator is strong, there is a risk of indeterminacy (self-fulfilling currency and inflation movements) although FX intervention can reduce this risk and thus reinforce the credibility of the inflation targeting regime. Model simulations match well the impact of a VIX shock obtained by local projections on a panel of inflation targeting emerging markets.     

国际投资者非理性情绪下的中国国际收支稳定性研究

自2001年以来,经常项目账户和资本与金融项目账户顺差的指数型增长将我国推向了全球国际收支平衡问题的风口浪尖。在国际金融危机频发、跨境流动资金波动剧烈的背景下,我国反常顺差所具有的潜在风险非常值得关注。鉴于此,文章的研究重点在于:(1)采用涉及27个国家股票市场的数据,构建并计算了反映国际投资者情绪变化的风险偏好指数;(2)将国际市场投资者情绪等因素纳入分析框架,实证分析了影响国际资金在我国跨境流动的驱动因素,以辨别跨境资金中的不稳定成分,并给出相应的政策建议。     

The new exchange rate policy in the Asian emerging economies – goodbye trouble,hello comfort?

In this paper, we discuss new aspects of exchange rate policy that can be observed in the Asian emerging economies. In the first place, we show the alternative regimes they may choose and their respective pros and cons. Secondly, we concentrate on the recent strategy of systematic undervaluation of one's currency – figuring prominently among ‘big’ Asian players such as China and India – and the most likely implications of such a strategy for domestic allocation, distribution and stabilization goals. With the background of Germany's experiences in 1969, almost on the eve of the Bretton Woods' system collapse, we model a speculative attack on an undervalued currency in the vein of the Flood–Garber seminal paper from 1984. Now, however, the country in concern (just like India and China) possesses strong rather than weak fundamentals. The continuous accumulation of international reserves, in addition, leads to the question of an ‘optimal management’ of foreign exchange reserves in Asian emerging economies with regard to size and composition. We finally propose a sequence of reforms/policies that should be implemented in those Asian emerging economies on their still long journey to a regime featured by autonomous monetary policy, flexible exchange rate and capital mobility. A brief summary and an outlook for future research close the paper.     

货币危机理论综述

20世纪 90年代 ,在欧洲、拉美、东南亚以及其它地区发生的货币危机 ,引起了世界范围对货币投机攻击和固定汇率崩溃的关注。为了理解货币危机发生的原因和后果 ,研究人员进行了大量的理论和经验方面的研究工作。本文主要对有关货币危机理论文献进行较为详细的综述 ,为以后的研究提供一个平台。     

公共财政框架下政府审计的拓展与政府会计的完善

政府审计是加强预算管理的一个重要工具。中国在建立公共财政的过程中，进行了一系列预算管理制度的改革，政府审计必须适应现行的预算管理制度，在审计内容上、方法上积极拓展。本文主要论述了当前公共财政框架下政府审计需要拓展的方面。另外，为保证预算管理制度改革顺利实施，政府会计等其他制度建设也需相应追行改革和完善。     

脱实向虚、企业家劳动异质与供给侧结构性改革

融合劳动价值论和新熊彼特增长理论,考虑需求结构升级、企业家劳动异质、经济增长导向三大假设,构建多部门新熊彼特增长模型,并运用31个省份1993—2018年的面板数据进行实证分析,发现“脱实向虚”对经济增长的影响机理是:“脱实向虚”引致企业家创新性劳动减少,生产率参数受阻,经济增长率下降。这使得新古典框架下“从资本向全要素生产率升级的创新性劳动偏向型道路”可能转向“从资本向投机演变的投机性交易劳动偏向型道路”,出现供给侧结构性失衡。只有优先解决“脱实向虚”带来的供给侧结构性失衡,才能回归供给侧的正常资源配置结构,因此,中国供给侧结构性改革的路径不能简单仿效西方进行管制放松或自由化,而应先运用政府之手,构建现代化经济体系,将投机性交易劳动关进“笼子”;进而运用市场之手,优化资源配置,释放创新性劳动的活力。     

中国资本账户开放的条件分析

根据蒙代尔的国际货币体系中三角难题理论,资本账户开放的前提必须取舍汇率的稳定性和货币政策的独立性。国际短期资本具有流动迅速性和易受心理预期影响的特性,国际投机资本的非正常流动是各国资本账户开放后产生危机的根源。泰国资本账户开放的实例表明中国资本账户开放必须具备五个条件：稳定的经济基础、合理的汇率机制、利率的市场化、完善的金融监管体系和国内资本市场的发展和壮大。